PATHOLOGIC LESIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE IN THE LIVER OF AFRICAN CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) JUVENILE EXPOSED TO COMMERCIAL-GRADE DETERGENT
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was conducted to ascertain the toxicity of commercial-grade detergent (Viva) on fish antioxidant response and histopathological alterations using Clarias gariepinus juvenile. The Fish specimens were exposed to acute concentrations (0.0, 0.44, 48, 0.52, 0.56 and 0.60 mg/l) and sub-lethal concentrations (0.0, 0.0289, 0.0385 and 0.0577 mg/L) of the detergent (Viva) for 96hour lethal concentration (LC50= 0.577 mg/l) and 21 days. Fish specimens were sampled for antioxidant response and histopathological lesions in the liver tissues at the end of the acute and sublethal. A significant increase in the Catalase (CAT), Melandealdehyde (MDA), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed during the 96 hours of exposure when compared with the control with an increase in concentration. While the sub-lethal exposure showed a significant decrease in the liver enzyme activities of CAT and SOD and an increase in MDA across the treatment groups. The liver histopathological alterations of the fish revealed normal hepatocytes with a central round nucleus in the control group to hepatic necrosis, vacuolation, hepatocytes degeneration, and congestion of sinusoid across the treatment groups. This study indicated that the alterations in liver antioxidant response and histopathological alterations were induced by the detergent, suggesting that these parameters can thus be used for ecotoxicological risk assessment of commercial-grade detergents on aquatic organisms.
Article Details
How to Cite
Mohammad, N. A., Muhammed, F., Muhhamed, F., Eteng, A. O., Zainab, M., Bayero, U., Adesakin, T., Yusuf, A., & Abubakar, M. (2022). PATHOLOGIC LESIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE IN THE LIVER OF AFRICAN CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822) JUVENILE EXPOSED TO COMMERCIAL-GRADE DETERGENT. The Bioscientist Journal, 10(3), 292-305. Retrieved from http://bioscientistjournal.com/index.php/The_Bioscientist/article/view/125
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Abalaka SE (2015) Heavy metals bioaccumulation and histopathological changes in Auchenoglanis occidentalis fish from Tiga dam, Nigeria. J Environ Health Sci Eng 13:67. doi:10.1186/s40201-015-0222-y.
Abalaka, S.E. (2017). Histopathological evaluation of Oreochromis mossambicus gills and liver as biomarkers of earthen pond water pollution, Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15:1
Abhijith B.D., M. Ramesh, R. K. Poopal. (2016). Responses of metabolic and antioxidant enzymatic activities in gill, liver and plasma of Catla catla during methyl parathion exposure, The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 77: 31-40
Akinwande, A. A., Abdulkadiri, J. O. and Adesina, B.T (2016). Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Response in the Giant African Catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809) under Chronic Paraquat Exposure, Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 4(2): 30 – 37.
Ali Esam H., Mohamed Hashem, M. Bassam Al-Salahy (2011). Pathogenicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia caused by Aphanomyces laevis and Phoma herbarum isolated from farmed fish. Diseases Of Aquatic Organisms, Vol. 94: 17–28, 2011 doi: 10.3354/dao02290.
Ali Sani, Maryam Ismail Ahmad, Ibrahim Lawal Abdullahi (2020). Toxicity effects of Kano central abattoir effluent on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Heliyon journal. Heliyon 6 (2020) e04465, pp 1-7
Alimba, C.G., Khalid, O.A., Olufemi, O.S., (2019). Exposure to effluent from pharmaceutical industry induced cytogenotoxicity, hematological and histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). EXCLI J. 18, 63–78.
Ayofe M Hammed, Albert O Amosu and James Ayuk (2020). The effects of detergent and fertilizer toxicity on growth rate, nutrient utilization and survival of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) fingerlings reared under controlled condition, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2020; 8(3): 372-378.
Dong Hua, Jianwei Wang, Denghang Yu1 and Jun Liu (2017). Lanthanum exerts acute toxicity and histopathological changes in gill and liver tissue of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), Ecotoxicology 26:1207–1215 DOI 10.1007/s10646-017-1846-8.
Edori, O. S., Iyama, W. A. and Amadi, M. C. (2019). Status of heavy metals contamination in water from the Elelenwo River, Obio-Akpor, Rivers State, Nigeria, Direct Research Journal of Chemistry and Material Science 6 (3): pp. 25-31.
Ejeha S.A., S.E. Abalaka, I.L. Usendec, Y.A. Alimi, F.O. Oyelowo (2019). Acute toxicity, oxidative stress response and clinicopathological changes in Wistar rats exposed to aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae leaves, Scientific African 3 (2019): 2468-2276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00068
Enemuadia Oyoroko and Emmanuel N. Ogamba (2017). Toxicity of Detergent Containing Linear Alkyl benzeneSulphonate on Some Commonly Cultured Fish Species in the Niger Delta, Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques 5(2) 72-77.
Essien-Ibok M.A. and Umoh I.A. (2019). Seasonal association of physicochemical parameters in Mbo River, AkwaIbom state and need for effective conservation. Nig. Soc. Biol.Conserve. 1; 116-129.
Essien-Ibok MA, Ekpo IE, Francis AJ, Asuquo IE (2019) Hematological and Histological Study of Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Iron Wood, Senna siamea Leaves to African Sharp Tooth Catfish, Clariasgariepinus (Burchell 1822) Fingerlings. J AquatPollutToxicol Vol.3 No.1:23,
Heba, S. A., (2016). Ameliorative effects of Spirulina platensis on Deltamethrin- induced biochemical alterations and oxidative stress in the African catfish; Clarias gariepinus. Open Journal of Marine Science, 6:1-10.
Isibor Patrick Omoregie (2017). Oxidative stress biomarkers in Clarias gariepinus (Burchel, 1822) exposed to Microcystin-LR. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6 (2017): 69–75.
Islam M. Saadeldin, Aaser M. Abdelazim, Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum, Mohamed M. Afifi and Ali Alkaladi (2018). Oxidative Stress in the Muscles of the Fish Nile Tilapia Caused by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Modulation by Vitamins C and E, Hindawi Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol. 2018, Article ID 6926712, pp 1- 9 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6926712.
Isyaku, B. and Solomon, J. R. (2016). Effect of detergent on the growth of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus). Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, Vol. 4 (12), pp. 351-360
Jaqueline D. Biller and Leonardo S. Takahashi (2018). Oxidative stress and fish immune system: phagocytosis and leukocyte respiratory burst activity, Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 90(4): 3403-3414.
Justin Raj and Baby Joseph, (2017). Impact of acetamiprid toxicity on electrophoretic patterns in liver, brain and gill tissues of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Int. J. Zool. Res., 13: 120-124.
Lukaszewicz-Hussain, A., (2010). Role of oxidative stress in organophosphate insecticide toxicity – short review. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 98 (2), 145–150.
Mandeep Kaur, Rajinder Jindal (2017). Oxidative stress response in liver, kidney and gills of Ctenopharyngodonidellus (cuvier&valenciennes) exposed to chlorpyrifos, MOJ Biol Med. 1(4):103‒112.
Modesto, M.A., Martinez, C.B.R., (2010). Roundup causes oxidative stress in liver and inhibits acetylcholinesterase in muscle and brain of the fish Prochiloduslineatus. Chemosphere 78, 294–299.
Mohebbi Derakhsh P.; Mashinchian Moradi A.; Sharifpour I.; Jamili Sh (2017). Toxic effects of diclofenac on gills, liver and kidney of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(2) 735-747, DOI: 10.22092/ijfs.2018.119517.
Monteiro, D.A., Rantin, F.T., Kalinin, A.L., (2009). The effects of selenium on oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater characid fish matrinxa, Bryconcephalus exposed to organophosphate insecticide Folisuper 600 BR (methyl parathion). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 149, 40–49.
Mustafa SA, Al-Faragi JK, Salman NM, Al-Rudainy AJ (2017). Histopathological alterations in gills, liver and kidney of common carp, cyprinuscarpio l. Exposed to lead Acetate. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 5(9): 371-376.
Naeemi A., Jamili S., Shabanipour N., Mashinchian A. and ShariatiFeizabadi S. (2013). Histopathological changes of gill, liver and kidney in Caspian kutum exposed to Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(4)887-897
Ndome C. B., Mowang D. A., Ayibaemi T. T., 2013 Comparative acute toxicity of local detergents (Omo and Ariel) on fingerlings of the Clarias gariepinus♀ x Heterobranchus longifilis♂ hybrid. AACL Bioflux 6(4):415-420.
Nwani, C.D., Lakra, W.S., Nagpure, N.S., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, B., Srivastava, S.K., (2010). Toxicity of the herbicide atrazine: effects on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 7, 3298–3312.
Olayinka Adunni Ubani-Rex; Joseph Kayode Saliu; Taiwo Hassan Bello (2017). Biochemical Effects of the Toxic Interaction of Copper, Lead and Cadmium on Clarias gariepinus, Journal of Health and Pollution, 7 (16): 38–48. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.16.38.
Sharbidre, A.A., Metkari, V., Patode, P., 2011. Effect of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on certain biomarkers in various tissues of guppy fish, Poecilia reticulates. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 101, 132–141
Siti Nadzirah Padrilah, Siti Aqlima Ahmad, Nur Adeela Yasid, Mohd Khalizan Sabullah, Hassan Mohd Daud, Ariff Khalid and Mohd Yunus Shukor (2017). Toxic effects of copper on liver and cholinesterase of Clarias gariepinus, 24, 22510–22523.
Sogbanmu, T.O., Sosanwo, A.A., Ugwumba, A.A.A., (2019). Histological, microbiological, physicochemical and heavy metals evaluation of effluent from Kara Cow Market, Ogun State, Nigeria in guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Zoologist 17, 54–61.
Sonam Singh, Radha Chaube (2019). Toxicological Impact of Pentachlorophenol on the Hepatic and Reproductive Activity of the Stinging Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, Aquaculture Studies, 19(2), 139-145.
Winston, G.W., Di Giulio, R.T., 1991. Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms. Aquatic. Toxicology. 19, 137–161
Abalaka, S.E. (2017). Histopathological evaluation of Oreochromis mossambicus gills and liver as biomarkers of earthen pond water pollution, Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15:1
Abhijith B.D., M. Ramesh, R. K. Poopal. (2016). Responses of metabolic and antioxidant enzymatic activities in gill, liver and plasma of Catla catla during methyl parathion exposure, The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 77: 31-40
Akinwande, A. A., Abdulkadiri, J. O. and Adesina, B.T (2016). Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Response in the Giant African Catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809) under Chronic Paraquat Exposure, Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 4(2): 30 – 37.
Ali Esam H., Mohamed Hashem, M. Bassam Al-Salahy (2011). Pathogenicity and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia caused by Aphanomyces laevis and Phoma herbarum isolated from farmed fish. Diseases Of Aquatic Organisms, Vol. 94: 17–28, 2011 doi: 10.3354/dao02290.
Ali Sani, Maryam Ismail Ahmad, Ibrahim Lawal Abdullahi (2020). Toxicity effects of Kano central abattoir effluent on Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Heliyon journal. Heliyon 6 (2020) e04465, pp 1-7
Alimba, C.G., Khalid, O.A., Olufemi, O.S., (2019). Exposure to effluent from pharmaceutical industry induced cytogenotoxicity, hematological and histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). EXCLI J. 18, 63–78.
Ayofe M Hammed, Albert O Amosu and James Ayuk (2020). The effects of detergent and fertilizer toxicity on growth rate, nutrient utilization and survival of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) fingerlings reared under controlled condition, International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2020; 8(3): 372-378.
Dong Hua, Jianwei Wang, Denghang Yu1 and Jun Liu (2017). Lanthanum exerts acute toxicity and histopathological changes in gill and liver tissue of rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus), Ecotoxicology 26:1207–1215 DOI 10.1007/s10646-017-1846-8.
Edori, O. S., Iyama, W. A. and Amadi, M. C. (2019). Status of heavy metals contamination in water from the Elelenwo River, Obio-Akpor, Rivers State, Nigeria, Direct Research Journal of Chemistry and Material Science 6 (3): pp. 25-31.
Ejeha S.A., S.E. Abalaka, I.L. Usendec, Y.A. Alimi, F.O. Oyelowo (2019). Acute toxicity, oxidative stress response and clinicopathological changes in Wistar rats exposed to aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae leaves, Scientific African 3 (2019): 2468-2276, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00068
Enemuadia Oyoroko and Emmanuel N. Ogamba (2017). Toxicity of Detergent Containing Linear Alkyl benzeneSulphonate on Some Commonly Cultured Fish Species in the Niger Delta, Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques 5(2) 72-77.
Essien-Ibok M.A. and Umoh I.A. (2019). Seasonal association of physicochemical parameters in Mbo River, AkwaIbom state and need for effective conservation. Nig. Soc. Biol.Conserve. 1; 116-129.
Essien-Ibok MA, Ekpo IE, Francis AJ, Asuquo IE (2019) Hematological and Histological Study of Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Iron Wood, Senna siamea Leaves to African Sharp Tooth Catfish, Clariasgariepinus (Burchell 1822) Fingerlings. J AquatPollutToxicol Vol.3 No.1:23,
Heba, S. A., (2016). Ameliorative effects of Spirulina platensis on Deltamethrin- induced biochemical alterations and oxidative stress in the African catfish; Clarias gariepinus. Open Journal of Marine Science, 6:1-10.
Isibor Patrick Omoregie (2017). Oxidative stress biomarkers in Clarias gariepinus (Burchel, 1822) exposed to Microcystin-LR. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6 (2017): 69–75.
Islam M. Saadeldin, Aaser M. Abdelazim, Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum, Mohamed M. Afifi and Ali Alkaladi (2018). Oxidative Stress in the Muscles of the Fish Nile Tilapia Caused by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Modulation by Vitamins C and E, Hindawi Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol. 2018, Article ID 6926712, pp 1- 9 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6926712.
Isyaku, B. and Solomon, J. R. (2016). Effect of detergent on the growth of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus). Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, Vol. 4 (12), pp. 351-360
Jaqueline D. Biller and Leonardo S. Takahashi (2018). Oxidative stress and fish immune system: phagocytosis and leukocyte respiratory burst activity, Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 90(4): 3403-3414.
Justin Raj and Baby Joseph, (2017). Impact of acetamiprid toxicity on electrophoretic patterns in liver, brain and gill tissues of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Int. J. Zool. Res., 13: 120-124.
Lukaszewicz-Hussain, A., (2010). Role of oxidative stress in organophosphate insecticide toxicity – short review. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 98 (2), 145–150.
Mandeep Kaur, Rajinder Jindal (2017). Oxidative stress response in liver, kidney and gills of Ctenopharyngodonidellus (cuvier&valenciennes) exposed to chlorpyrifos, MOJ Biol Med. 1(4):103‒112.
Modesto, M.A., Martinez, C.B.R., (2010). Roundup causes oxidative stress in liver and inhibits acetylcholinesterase in muscle and brain of the fish Prochiloduslineatus. Chemosphere 78, 294–299.
Mohebbi Derakhsh P.; Mashinchian Moradi A.; Sharifpour I.; Jamili Sh (2017). Toxic effects of diclofenac on gills, liver and kidney of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 19(2) 735-747, DOI: 10.22092/ijfs.2018.119517.
Monteiro, D.A., Rantin, F.T., Kalinin, A.L., (2009). The effects of selenium on oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater characid fish matrinxa, Bryconcephalus exposed to organophosphate insecticide Folisuper 600 BR (methyl parathion). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 149, 40–49.
Mustafa SA, Al-Faragi JK, Salman NM, Al-Rudainy AJ (2017). Histopathological alterations in gills, liver and kidney of common carp, cyprinuscarpio l. Exposed to lead Acetate. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 5(9): 371-376.
Naeemi A., Jamili S., Shabanipour N., Mashinchian A. and ShariatiFeizabadi S. (2013). Histopathological changes of gill, liver and kidney in Caspian kutum exposed to Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(4)887-897
Ndome C. B., Mowang D. A., Ayibaemi T. T., 2013 Comparative acute toxicity of local detergents (Omo and Ariel) on fingerlings of the Clarias gariepinus♀ x Heterobranchus longifilis♂ hybrid. AACL Bioflux 6(4):415-420.
Nwani, C.D., Lakra, W.S., Nagpure, N.S., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, B., Srivastava, S.K., (2010). Toxicity of the herbicide atrazine: effects on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 7, 3298–3312.
Olayinka Adunni Ubani-Rex; Joseph Kayode Saliu; Taiwo Hassan Bello (2017). Biochemical Effects of the Toxic Interaction of Copper, Lead and Cadmium on Clarias gariepinus, Journal of Health and Pollution, 7 (16): 38–48. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.16.38.
Sharbidre, A.A., Metkari, V., Patode, P., 2011. Effect of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos on certain biomarkers in various tissues of guppy fish, Poecilia reticulates. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 101, 132–141
Siti Nadzirah Padrilah, Siti Aqlima Ahmad, Nur Adeela Yasid, Mohd Khalizan Sabullah, Hassan Mohd Daud, Ariff Khalid and Mohd Yunus Shukor (2017). Toxic effects of copper on liver and cholinesterase of Clarias gariepinus, 24, 22510–22523.
Sogbanmu, T.O., Sosanwo, A.A., Ugwumba, A.A.A., (2019). Histological, microbiological, physicochemical and heavy metals evaluation of effluent from Kara Cow Market, Ogun State, Nigeria in guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata). Zoologist 17, 54–61.
Sonam Singh, Radha Chaube (2019). Toxicological Impact of Pentachlorophenol on the Hepatic and Reproductive Activity of the Stinging Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, Aquaculture Studies, 19(2), 139-145.
Winston, G.W., Di Giulio, R.T., 1991. Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms. Aquatic. Toxicology. 19, 137–161