ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM LINN) IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM LINN) IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pisum sativum L. (field pea) is cultivated globally and valued for its protein- rich grain. The aim of the study is to identify fungi associated with field pea in Northern guinea savanna of Nigeria. Fungi were isolated through direct plating of diseased tissue. Morphological identification was done through colony texture, color, and its cultural characteristics on PDA. Size/shape of conidia and conidiophores. Molecular identification was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR) using universal primers ITS 1 and ITS4. The NCBI Blastx programed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST) V. 4 analysis was used to identify the fungi.Alignments of nucleotide sequences were done using Bio Edit sequence alignment editor software. Phylogenetic relationships of fungal isolates were analyzed using MEGA V. 7.0 software. Pathogenecity tests were carried out on the fungal isolates. A total of six different fungal diseases were recorded which include; wilt caused by Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and P. boydii, leaf spot caused by A. alternata and C. eragrotidis, Leaf blight and root rot caused by R. solani, Pod rot caused by T. terricolaand mold caused by Botrytis sp. other saprophytic fungi identified on field pea were Penicillium singorense, Trichoderma, Chrysosporium, Cheatophoma and Cheatomium spp. Rhizoctonia solani had the highest percentage occurrence of 55.3 % while Cheatomium had the least with 6.3%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of causative fungi of wilt, root rot, leaf blight, leaf spot, pod rot and gray mold diseases on field pea in Northern guinea savanna of Nigeria.
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Ibrahim, H., Dangora, D. B., Abubakar, B. Y., & Dantanko, F. (2022). ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM LINN) IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH FIELD PEA (PISUM SATIVUM LINN) IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA . The Bioscientist Journal, 10(2), 132-143. Retrieved from https://bioscientistjournal.com/index.php/The_Bioscientist/article/view/112
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References
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Alemu, K. (2014). Seed borne fungal pathogen associated with soybean (Glycine max L.) and their management in Jimma, South western Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health care. 4(25):14-19.
Ali, M. A. (2002). Biological variation and chemical control of Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blightdisease of rice in Bangladesh. Ph.D thesis, Imperial college of science technology and medicineSilwood park, Ascot Berkshire, UK. 85 - 90.
Babu, A. G., Kim, S. W., Yadav, D. R.,
Adhikari, M., Kim, C., Lee, H. B. and Lee,
Y. s. (2014).A new record of
Pseudallescheria boydii isolated froim crop field soil in Korea. Mycobiology.42(4):397400.
Bagwari, A., Singh, Y. P., Kumar, J. and Dhiman, R. (2014). First report of Curvularia eragrostidis leafspot on Populus deltoides. Forest Pathology. 45(1):86-87.
Barnett, H. L. and Hunter, B. B. (1999). Illustrated Genera of Imperfect
fungi.4thedition.TheAmericanphytopathologi cal Society St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. 180pp.
Beasse, C., Ney, B. and Tivoli, B. (2000). Growth affected by Mycosphearella pinodes. PlantPathology.49:187-200
Botrytis blight (2018). Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis spp. Plant disease diagnostic clinic. Plantpathology and plant - micobiology section. Cornell university, college of Agriculture and life science. 1-3.
Bretag, T.W, Keane, P. J. and Price, T. V. (1995). Effect of Ascochyta blight on grain yield of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in Southern Australia. Autralian Journal of Experimetal Agriculture. 35:331-336.
Cobus, M. V., Jos, H., Keith, A.S., Robert, A. S., Karin, J. (2015). four new penicillium species isolated from the fynbos biome in south Africa, Including a multigene phylogeny of section. Lanata- divaricata. Mycology progress.14- 96.
Donald, M. F. (2019). Botrytis friut rot (gray mold) of strawberries. Disease identification and Management series. http://content.ces.ncsc.edu.botrytisfruitrot. accessed 20 august 2019.
Emechebe, A. M. (1980). (ed). A Checklist of crops in savanna and semi - arid Areas of Nigeria Samaru. miscellaneous paper 100. Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Ferreira, A. P. S., Pinho, D. B., Machado, A. R. and Pereira, O. L. (2014). First report of Curvularia eragrotidis causing post harvest rot on pineapple in Brazil. The American phytopathology society. 98(9):1277.
Gonzalez, H. H. L., Resnik, R. T. and Boca,
W. F. O. (1995).Mycoflora of AgentinianCornharvested in he main production area in 1990.Mycopathologia, 130:29-36.
Guarro, J., Serda, A.K., Horre, R., Juan, L. R., Estrella, M. C., Berenguer, J. and Hoog,
S. (2006). Scedosporiumapiospermum: changing clinical spectrum of a therapy- refractoryopportunist. Medical mycology.44:295-327.
Hagedorn, D. J. (1991). Handbook of pea diseases A1167. Cooperative extension publishers Wisconsin 53715. 27pp.
Hussain, M. Z., Rahman, M. A., Nurul Islam, M., Latif, M. A and Bashar, M. A. (2012). Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium oxysporium sch. isolated from guava wilt in Bangladash. Bangladash Journal of Botany. 41(1):49-54.
Hwang, S. F., Gossen, B. D., Conner, R. L., Chang, K. F., Turnbull, G. D., Lopetinsky, K. and Howard, R. J. (2006). Management strategies to reduce losses caused by Rhizoctonia seedling blight of field pea. Canadian journal of plant science. 145-155.
Jeetandra, K. R. (2014). Studies on survey of Fusarium wilt of pea in eastern uttar pradesh. International journal of life science. 2(4):359-362.
Kapoor, S., Ashish, J. and Shukla, D. N. (2010). Eco- friendly strategies for management of Fusarium wilt of Pisum sativum L. African Journal Of Microbiology Research. 7397-7400.
Kanzaria, K. K., Dhruj, I. U. and Sahu, D. D. (2013). Influence of weather parameters on powdery mildew diseasess of mustard under North Saurashtra agroclimatic zone. Journal of Agrometerology. 15: 86- 88.
Kiersten, W., Nolan, A., Kelsey, M., Carl, A. B. (2019). Curvularia leaf spot. College of Agriculture, food and Environment. Cooperative extension service.pp 1-3.
Laflamme, P. (1998). Diseases of field pea (Pisum sativum L) in the peace river region of Alberta.Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of pest management. Department of Biological Sciences. Simon fraser University. pp 8- 50.
Laxmirawat, Y., Yogendra, S., Bijendr, K. and Arvind, S. (2014). Management of Rhizoctonia solani root rot of pea (Pisum sativum L) by integrated biological and chemical approach. International journal Agricultural Science. 108 - 114.
Mathew, F. M., Lamppa, R. S., Chitten, K., Chang, Y. W., Botschner, M., Kinzer, K., Goswami, R. S. and Markell, S. G. (2012). Characterization and pathogenecity of Rhizoctonia solani isolates affecting P. sativum in North Dakota. Plant disease. Plant disease. 96(5):666: 672.
Mahesh, A., Sangwoo, K., Hyun, S. K., Hyang, B. L. and Youn, S. L. (2016). Sixteen new records of Ascomycetes from crop field soil in Korea. The Korean Journal of Mycology.44 (4):271-288.
Modibbo, U. D., Chimbekujwo, I. B., Pola, B. B., Chanya, F. K., Hayatudden, A. M. and Abdullahi, G. (2017). Effects of Temperature and relatuive humidity on growth of three isolateed fungi from rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings in dadinkowa irrigation scheme, dadinkowa, gombe. Bayero Journal of Pure and applied science. 10(1):223 - 226
Mungo, C.M. (1996). Biology and Epidemiology of Sphaceloma sp. the pathogen of cowpea scab.Ph.D Thesis.Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.PP 20-50.Botany.vol 81. pp 12-23.
Mark, D. L., Guarro, J., Khairy, R. N,.,Wlliams, J., Iqbal, n. and Pancholi, P. (2008). Pseudallescheria fusoidea, a new cause of Osteomyelituis. Journal of clinical microbiology.46(6):2141-2143.
Marcinkowska, J. (2008). Fungi occurrence on seeds of field pea. Actamycologica. 43(1):77-89.
Porter, L. D., Pasche, J. S., Chen, W. and
Harveson, R. (2015). Isolation, identification, storage, pathogenecity tests, hosts and geographic range Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi causing root rot of pea. The American Phytopathological
Society.16(3):136-145.
Pande, S., Singh, G., Narayana, R. J., Bakr, M. A., Chaurasia, P. C. P., Joshi, S.,
Johasen, C.,Singh, S. D.,Kumar, J., Rahman, M. M. and Gowda, C. L. L. (2001). Integrated management of Botrytis gray mold of chick pea. In: En Summaries. pp 1- 10.
Rasime, D., Nalan, Y. S. and Semra, I. (2013). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) identification of Terverticillate Penicillium species isolated from Agricultural soils in Eskisehir province. Brazilian Archieves of Biology and Technology. 56(6):980 -984.
Rajkumar, S. and Aneja, K. R. (2007). Thermophilic fungi: Taxonmy and Biogepgraphy. Journal of Agricultural technology 3(1):77-107.
Ruta, C., Irene, G. and Jurate, R. (2014). Control of Asxovhyta blight (Ascochyta complex) inpea under Lithuanian conditions. Zemdirbytse- Agriculture. 101(1):101-108.
Schwartz, H. F. (1980). Miscellaneous Fungal Pathogens. pp 127 - 130.
Sharma, P. D., Paulitz, T. C., Porter, L. D. and Du Toit, L. J. (2015). Characterization and pathogenecity of Rhizoctonia iand Rhizoctonia - like spp. from pea crops in the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washinton. The American phytopathological sociey. 99(5):604- 613.
Shivani, R. (2017). Pea Rust Disease caused by Uromyces fabae. Plant Diseases, 10.
Sarika, G., Ashish, D. and Tribuwan, S. (2017). Curvularia lunata as, a dominant seed- borne pathogen in Dalberna sissoo Roxb: its location in seed and its phytopathological effects. African Journal of Plant Science. 11(6):203-208.
Tobih, F. O., Bosah, B. O. and Nweke, F. U. (2016).Evaluation of the efficacy of thiram andbenomyl on radial growth, spor germination and sporulation density of Curvularia lunata and Fusarium semitectum.International Journal of Agricultural innovations and Research.pp 47-50.
Su- Han, N. H., Songkumarn, P., Nuankaew, S., Boonyuen, N. and Piasai, O. (2019). Diversityof sporulating rice endophytic fungi associated with Thai rice cultivars (Oryza sativum L.) cultivated in Suphanburi and Chainat provinces, Thailand. Current research in Environment and applied mycology. 9(1):1-14.
Watanabe, T. (2002). Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi. morphologies of cultured fungi and to key to species. s4econd edition. CRC Press London new York Wahington D. CC. pp 1- 469.
Xue, A. G. (2000). Effect of seed-borne Mycosphaerellapinodes and seed treatments onemergence of foot rot severity and yield of field pea. Canadian Journal of
PlantPathology.22(3):248-253.
Ajayi- Oyetunde, . O. O. and Bradley, C. A. (2017). Rhizoctonia solani: taxonomy, population biology and management of Rhizoctonia seedling disease of soybean. British society of plant pathology. 67:3-17.
Alemu, K. (2014). Seed borne fungal pathogen associated with soybean (Glycine max L.) and their management in Jimma, South western Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health care. 4(25):14-19.
Ali, M. A. (2002). Biological variation and chemical control of Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blightdisease of rice in Bangladesh. Ph.D thesis, Imperial college of science technology and medicineSilwood park, Ascot Berkshire, UK. 85 - 90.
Babu, A. G., Kim, S. W., Yadav, D. R.,
Adhikari, M., Kim, C., Lee, H. B. and Lee,
Y. s. (2014).A new record of
Pseudallescheria boydii isolated froim crop field soil in Korea. Mycobiology.42(4):397400.
Bagwari, A., Singh, Y. P., Kumar, J. and Dhiman, R. (2014). First report of Curvularia eragrostidis leafspot on Populus deltoides. Forest Pathology. 45(1):86-87.
Barnett, H. L. and Hunter, B. B. (1999). Illustrated Genera of Imperfect
fungi.4thedition.TheAmericanphytopathologi cal Society St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. 180pp.
Beasse, C., Ney, B. and Tivoli, B. (2000). Growth affected by Mycosphearella pinodes. PlantPathology.49:187-200
Botrytis blight (2018). Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis spp. Plant disease diagnostic clinic. Plantpathology and plant - micobiology section. Cornell university, college of Agriculture and life science. 1-3.
Bretag, T.W, Keane, P. J. and Price, T. V. (1995). Effect of Ascochyta blight on grain yield of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in Southern Australia. Autralian Journal of Experimetal Agriculture. 35:331-336.
Cobus, M. V., Jos, H., Keith, A.S., Robert, A. S., Karin, J. (2015). four new penicillium species isolated from the fynbos biome in south Africa, Including a multigene phylogeny of section. Lanata- divaricata. Mycology progress.14- 96.
Donald, M. F. (2019). Botrytis friut rot (gray mold) of strawberries. Disease identification and Management series. http://content.ces.ncsc.edu.botrytisfruitrot. accessed 20 august 2019.
Emechebe, A. M. (1980). (ed). A Checklist of crops in savanna and semi - arid Areas of Nigeria Samaru. miscellaneous paper 100. Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Ferreira, A. P. S., Pinho, D. B., Machado, A. R. and Pereira, O. L. (2014). First report of Curvularia eragrotidis causing post harvest rot on pineapple in Brazil. The American phytopathology society. 98(9):1277.
Gonzalez, H. H. L., Resnik, R. T. and Boca,
W. F. O. (1995).Mycoflora of AgentinianCornharvested in he main production area in 1990.Mycopathologia, 130:29-36.
Guarro, J., Serda, A.K., Horre, R., Juan, L. R., Estrella, M. C., Berenguer, J. and Hoog,
S. (2006). Scedosporiumapiospermum: changing clinical spectrum of a therapy- refractoryopportunist. Medical mycology.44:295-327.
Hagedorn, D. J. (1991). Handbook of pea diseases A1167. Cooperative extension publishers Wisconsin 53715. 27pp.
Hussain, M. Z., Rahman, M. A., Nurul Islam, M., Latif, M. A and Bashar, M. A. (2012). Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium oxysporium sch. isolated from guava wilt in Bangladash. Bangladash Journal of Botany. 41(1):49-54.
Hwang, S. F., Gossen, B. D., Conner, R. L., Chang, K. F., Turnbull, G. D., Lopetinsky, K. and Howard, R. J. (2006). Management strategies to reduce losses caused by Rhizoctonia seedling blight of field pea. Canadian journal of plant science. 145-155.
Jeetandra, K. R. (2014). Studies on survey of Fusarium wilt of pea in eastern uttar pradesh. International journal of life science. 2(4):359-362.
Kapoor, S., Ashish, J. and Shukla, D. N. (2010). Eco- friendly strategies for management of Fusarium wilt of Pisum sativum L. African Journal Of Microbiology Research. 7397-7400.
Kanzaria, K. K., Dhruj, I. U. and Sahu, D. D. (2013). Influence of weather parameters on powdery mildew diseasess of mustard under North Saurashtra agroclimatic zone. Journal of Agrometerology. 15: 86- 88.
Kiersten, W., Nolan, A., Kelsey, M., Carl, A. B. (2019). Curvularia leaf spot. College of Agriculture, food and Environment. Cooperative extension service.pp 1-3.
Laflamme, P. (1998). Diseases of field pea (Pisum sativum L) in the peace river region of Alberta.Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of pest management. Department of Biological Sciences. Simon fraser University. pp 8- 50.
Laxmirawat, Y., Yogendra, S., Bijendr, K. and Arvind, S. (2014). Management of Rhizoctonia solani root rot of pea (Pisum sativum L) by integrated biological and chemical approach. International journal Agricultural Science. 108 - 114.
Mathew, F. M., Lamppa, R. S., Chitten, K., Chang, Y. W., Botschner, M., Kinzer, K., Goswami, R. S. and Markell, S. G. (2012). Characterization and pathogenecity of Rhizoctonia solani isolates affecting P. sativum in North Dakota. Plant disease. Plant disease. 96(5):666: 672.
Mahesh, A., Sangwoo, K., Hyun, S. K., Hyang, B. L. and Youn, S. L. (2016). Sixteen new records of Ascomycetes from crop field soil in Korea. The Korean Journal of Mycology.44 (4):271-288.
Modibbo, U. D., Chimbekujwo, I. B., Pola, B. B., Chanya, F. K., Hayatudden, A. M. and Abdullahi, G. (2017). Effects of Temperature and relatuive humidity on growth of three isolateed fungi from rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings in dadinkowa irrigation scheme, dadinkowa, gombe. Bayero Journal of Pure and applied science. 10(1):223 - 226
Mungo, C.M. (1996). Biology and Epidemiology of Sphaceloma sp. the pathogen of cowpea scab.Ph.D Thesis.Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.PP 20-50.Botany.vol 81. pp 12-23.
Mark, D. L., Guarro, J., Khairy, R. N,.,Wlliams, J., Iqbal, n. and Pancholi, P. (2008). Pseudallescheria fusoidea, a new cause of Osteomyelituis. Journal of clinical microbiology.46(6):2141-2143.
Marcinkowska, J. (2008). Fungi occurrence on seeds of field pea. Actamycologica. 43(1):77-89.
Porter, L. D., Pasche, J. S., Chen, W. and
Harveson, R. (2015). Isolation, identification, storage, pathogenecity tests, hosts and geographic range Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi causing root rot of pea. The American Phytopathological
Society.16(3):136-145.
Pande, S., Singh, G., Narayana, R. J., Bakr, M. A., Chaurasia, P. C. P., Joshi, S.,
Johasen, C.,Singh, S. D.,Kumar, J., Rahman, M. M. and Gowda, C. L. L. (2001). Integrated management of Botrytis gray mold of chick pea. In: En Summaries. pp 1- 10.
Rasime, D., Nalan, Y. S. and Semra, I. (2013). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) identification of Terverticillate Penicillium species isolated from Agricultural soils in Eskisehir province. Brazilian Archieves of Biology and Technology. 56(6):980 -984.
Rajkumar, S. and Aneja, K. R. (2007). Thermophilic fungi: Taxonmy and Biogepgraphy. Journal of Agricultural technology 3(1):77-107.
Ruta, C., Irene, G. and Jurate, R. (2014). Control of Asxovhyta blight (Ascochyta complex) inpea under Lithuanian conditions. Zemdirbytse- Agriculture. 101(1):101-108.
Schwartz, H. F. (1980). Miscellaneous Fungal Pathogens. pp 127 - 130.
Sharma, P. D., Paulitz, T. C., Porter, L. D. and Du Toit, L. J. (2015). Characterization and pathogenecity of Rhizoctonia iand Rhizoctonia - like spp. from pea crops in the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washinton. The American phytopathological sociey. 99(5):604- 613.
Shivani, R. (2017). Pea Rust Disease caused by Uromyces fabae. Plant Diseases, 10.
Sarika, G., Ashish, D. and Tribuwan, S. (2017). Curvularia lunata as, a dominant seed- borne pathogen in Dalberna sissoo Roxb: its location in seed and its phytopathological effects. African Journal of Plant Science. 11(6):203-208.
Tobih, F. O., Bosah, B. O. and Nweke, F. U. (2016).Evaluation of the efficacy of thiram andbenomyl on radial growth, spor germination and sporulation density of Curvularia lunata and Fusarium semitectum.International Journal of Agricultural innovations and Research.pp 47-50.
Su- Han, N. H., Songkumarn, P., Nuankaew, S., Boonyuen, N. and Piasai, O. (2019). Diversityof sporulating rice endophytic fungi associated with Thai rice cultivars (Oryza sativum L.) cultivated in Suphanburi and Chainat provinces, Thailand. Current research in Environment and applied mycology. 9(1):1-14.
Watanabe, T. (2002). Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi. morphologies of cultured fungi and to key to species. s4econd edition. CRC Press London new York Wahington D. CC. pp 1- 469.
Xue, A. G. (2000). Effect of seed-borne Mycosphaerellapinodes and seed treatments onemergence of foot rot severity and yield of field pea. Canadian Journal of
PlantPathology.22(3):248-253.