FEEDING AND RESTING PATTERN OF MALARIA VECTORS IN THREE COMMUNITIES FROM SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
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Abstract
Accurate knowledge of the feeding and resting time of malaria vectors is very crucial for malaria management, hence a 12-month longitudinal study was done to tackle the challenge of transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. Centre for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and the Human Landing Catch (HLC) methods were used to sample indoor and outdoor malaria vectors at Nibo, Mgbakwu and Enugwu-Agidi communities in Anambra State, Nigeria. Chi-square test was used to check for significant difference (P<0.05) between feeding and resting time and other parameters in the study. Result showed that malaria vectors were caught both outdoors and indoors which indicated that they have a crepuscular and concurrent resting/feeding time between 6 pm-12 am and 12 am - 6 am. This implies that the malaria vectors were non-specific in their feeding time, recording high peak feeding time of 24.4%, 18.3% and 17.9% between 6am - 12pm and 1am – 6am at Nibo, Mgbakwu and Enugwu-Agidi respectively. This heterogenic nature and behavior of malaria vectors may have caused a lot of hindrances to malaria control strategies and interventions deployed in the past. Therefore, proper understanding of behaviours of malaria vectors will help in evidence-based policy decision for strategic malaria control in Anambra State.
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Ogbuefi, E. O., Aribodor, D. N., Nwankwo, I. O., & Ikeh, R. E. (2024). FEEDING AND RESTING PATTERN OF MALARIA VECTORS IN THREE COMMUNITIES FROM SOUTHEAST NIGERIA. The Bioscientist Journal, 12(1), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.54117/the_bioscientist.v12i1.169
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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World Health Organisation. (2020a). Manual for Practical Entomology in malaria; prepared by the WHO Division of malaria and Parasitic Diseases 2020; 1:1-160.
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Baton, L.A and Ranford-Cartwright, L.C. (2005). Spreading the seeds of million-murdering death: metamorphoses of malaria in the mosquito. Trends in Parasitology. 21, 573–580.
Beier, J.C. (1998). Malaria parasite development in mosquitoes. Annual Review on Entomology 43, 519–543.
Cheikh, T.D., Diawo, D., Oumar, F., Ibrahima, D., Scott, C.W., Amadou, A.S. and Mawlouth, D., (2015). Potential of Selected Senegalese Aedes species. Mosquitoes to transmit Zika virus. Infectious Diseases. 15; 492.
Chouaïbon, M.S., Fodjo, B.K., David, J.P. (2016). Influence of the agrochemicals used for rice and vegetable cultivation on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in southern Côte d’Ivoire. Malaria Journal. 2016; 15:426.
Chow, E., Wirtz, R.A., Scott, T.W. (1993). Identification of blood meals in Aedesaegyptiby antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Journal of American MosquitoesControl Association 1993; 9:196–205.
Durnez, L. and Coosemans, M. (2013). Residual transmission of malaria: an old issue for new approaches. Intech Europe, 2013:p12-22.
Enete, I.C. (2008). Managing Aviation Operations during Harmattan in Nigeria for maximum operations. Inpritx Lagos State, Nigeria. Pp 12-23.
Enete, I.C. (2004). A Study of Enugu Rainfall Patterns from the Viewpoint of Precipitation
Eunho, S., Marissa, K., Grossman, Jessica, L., Waite, Nina L. Dennington, Ellie Sherrard-Smith, Thomas S. Churcher, and Matthew B. Thomas. (2020). The influence of feeding behaviour and temperature on the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit malaria. National Ecology of Evolution. July 2020; 4(7): 940–951.
Gatton, M.L. and Craig, M. (2013). The importance of mosquito behavioural adaptations to malaria control in Africa. Evolution 67, 1218–1230.
Gerald, K. L. and Larry, S. N. (2010). The journey of the malaria parasite in the mosquito: hopes for the new century. ParasitologyToday 16: 196-201.
Gillies, M. T. and Coetzee, M. (1987). A supplement to the Anophelinea of Africa south of the Sahara (Afrotropical region). South African Institute for medical Research, Johannesburg, 55:143.
Gillies, M. T. and Meillon, D. B. (1968). The Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical research. 15; 1-343pp.
Keven, J.B., Katusele, M., Vinit, R., Koimbu, G., Vincent, N., Thomsen, E.K., Karl, S., Reimer, L.J. and Walker, E.D. (2019). Species abundance, composition, and nocturnal activity of female Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in malaria-endemic villages of Papua New Guinea: assessment with barrier screen sampling. Malaria Journal 18(96): 1-12.
Killeen, G.F. (2014). Characterizing, controlling and eliminating residual malaria transmission. Malaria Journal 13:14-25.
Lambrechts, L. (2011). Quantitative genetics of Aedesaegypti vector competence for dengue viruses: towards a new paradigm? Trends in Parasitology. 27, 111–114.
Microsoft Encarta College Dictionary and Encyclopedia (2009). New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2009. P.276. Date accessed 23rd December, 2023.
National Bureau of Statistics (2016). National Population Commission 2006 Nigeria Census, 2006.
Ngowo, H.S., Kaindoa, E.W., Matthiopoulos, J., Ferguson, H.M. and Okumu, F.O. (2017). Variations in household microclimate affect outdoor biting behavior of malaria vectors. Wellcome Open Research 2(102): 1-18.
Obol, D.I., Hayes, D.W. and Edward, B., (2011). Zika virus outside Africa. Emerging infectious Diseases. 15(9); 1347-1350.
Saavedra, M.P, Conn, J.E., Alava, F., Carrasco Escobar, G., Prussing, C., Bickersmith, S.A., Sangama, J.L., FernandezMiñope, C., Guzman, M., Tong, C., Valderrama, C., Vinetz J.M, Gamboa, D. and Moreno, M. (2019). Higher risk of malaria transmission outdoors than indoors by Nyssorhynchus darlingi in riverine communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Parasites and Vectors 12(374): 1-15.
Sherrard-Smith, E., Fokou, G., Allassane, O.F. and Koudou, B.G., (2019). Mosquito feeding behavior and how it influences residual malaria transmission across Africa. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Science U. S. A. 116, 15086–15095.
Sherrard Smith, E., Skarp, J.E., Beale, A.D, Fornadel, C., Norris, L.C, Moore, S.J, Mihreteab, S., Charlwood, J.D, Bhatt, S., Winskill, P., Griffin, J.T. and Churcher, T.S. (2019). Mosquito feeding behavior and how it influences residual malaria transmission across Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116(30): 15086-15095.
Sriwichai, P., Karl, S., Samung, Y., Sumruayphol, S., Kiattibutr, K., Payakkapol, A., Mueller, I., Yan, G., Cui, L. and Sattabongkot, J. (2015). Evaluation of CDC light traps for mosquito surveillance in a malaria endemic area on the Thai-Myanmar border. Parasite and Vectors 8: 636.
Tiono, A.B., Yamar, B., Ousmane, F., Alioune, G. (2018). Efficacy of Olyset Duo, a bed net containing pyriproxyfen and permethrin, versus a permethrin-only net against clinical malaria in an area with highly pyrethroid-resistant vectors in rural Burkina Faso: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 392, 569–580.
Toure, Y.T., Petrarca, V., Traore, S.F., Coulibaly, A. and Maı¨ga. S. (1994). Ecological genetic studies in the chromosomal form size and structure of Anopheles gambiaes.s.in Mali, West Africa, Genetica 9(2):11- 19.
World Health Organization (1992). Entomological field techniques for malaria control part I learners guide. World Health Organization, Geneva.
World Health Organization (2015). Antimalarial Drug Resistance. Available: http://www.who.int/malaria/areas/drug_resistance/overview/en/. (Accessed 23rd December, 2023).
World Health Organisation. (2020a). Manual for Practical Entomology in malaria; prepared by the WHO Division of malaria and Parasitic Diseases 2020; 1:1-160.
World Health Organisation (2020b). Vector control for malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. Technical Report. 2020:23-33.