ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITIES OF MUSHROOM EXTRACTS AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC -RESISTANT ORGANISMS
Main Article Content
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance accompanied by high rate of chemotherapeutic failure has paved way into the assessment and investigation of medicinal plants in order to assess their antimicrobial potency. This research was aimed at analyzing the antibiotic activities of mushrooms extracts against multi-drug resistant isolates from hospital. The identification of the microorganisms and antibiotic resistant status were investigated using Standard Microbiological, Biochemical and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The Aqueous and Ethanolic extracts of two (2) mushroom species Agaricus bisporus and Omphalotus palmatus were obtained and analyzed for their quantitative and qualitative phytochemical contents. The results revealed that the resistant index of Staphylococcus sp and Klebsiella sp was 0.6 and 0.4 respectively. The bioactive compounds contained in the mushroom extracts include different quantities of Alkaloids, Proteins, Flavonoids, reducing sugars, Tannins, Terpenoids, Saponin and Cardiac glycoside. All mushroom extracts were active against test bacteria but at varying degrees with the aqueous extract of the mixed mushroom extracts being the most active. It was also observed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanolic extract of Omphalotus palmatus and mixed aqueous extract of both mushrooms were at 25mg/ml concentration while that of aqueous extract of Agaricus bisporus, aqueous extract of Omphalotus palmatus and ethanolic extract of mixed mushroom samples were at 50mg/ml. The antimicrobial metabolites produced by mushrooms and their synergistic actions can be harnessed in the treatment of diseases.
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How to Cite
Ezebialu, C. U., v, O. E., Nwankwo, G. U., & Ogu, C. T. (2025). ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITIES OF MUSHROOM EXTRACTS AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC -RESISTANT ORGANISMS. The Bioscientist Journal, 13(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.54117/the_bioscientist.v13i1.182
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R. (1993).Microbiology: Concepts and Application. MacGraw- Hill Inc. New York 967 pp.
Piddock, L.J., (2012). The crisis of no new antibiotics – what is the way forward? Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12: 249–253.
Stamets, P. (2000). Growing gourmet and medical mushrooms. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California, USA. Pp 45-49.
Thabit, A.K., Crandon, J. L. and Nicolau, D. P. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance: impact on clinical and economic outcomes and the need for new antimicrobials. Expert Opinions on Pharmacotherapy, 16: 159–177.
Thillaimaharan, K. A, Sharmila, K., Thangaraju, T., Karthick, M. and Kalaiselvam, M. (2016). Studies on antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Research, 4: 1540- 1545.
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Trease, G.E., Evans, W.C. (1996). Textbook of pharmacology.14th edn. W. Bsanders, London, Pp 45-47, 332.
Trease, G. E. and Evans, W.C. (1994). Pharmacognosy. Xii Edition. London, Bailere London.Pp.46-5
Tsungai, R., Chenjerayi, K., Catherine, C., Mudadi, A. B. and Takafira, M. (2016). Antibacterial properties of wild edible and non-edible mushrooms found in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 13: 977-984.
Varma, A. and Kharkwal, A. C. (2009). Symbiotic Fungi: Principles and Practice. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pg. 159
Adams, M. R. (2014). Antimicrobial properties of fungi. Encyclopaedia of Food Microbiology5: 717-721.
Alves, M. J., Ferreira, I. C., Dias, J., Teixeira, V. and Martins, A. (2012). A review on antimicrobial activity of mushrooms (Basidiomycetes) extracts and isolated compounds. Plant Medica, 78: 1707-1718.
Anusiya, G., Gowthama, U.P., Yamini, N.V., Sivarajasekar, N., Rambabu, K., Bharath, G. and Fawzi Banat (2021) A review of the therapeutic and biological effects of edible and wild mushrooms. Bioengineered, 12:2:11239-11268.
Bandow, J. E., Brotz, H. and Leichert L. I. (2003). Proteomic approach to understanding antibiotic action. Chemotherapy, 47: 948 – 955.
Cheesbrough, M. (2010). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. 6th Edition. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Colombo, M. L. and Bosisio, E. (1996). Pharmacological activities of Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae). Pharmacological Research, 33: 127 – 134.
Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2013). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Third Informational Supplement.M100-S23
Davey, P. G. and Marwick, C. (2008). Appropriate vs. inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Clinical and Microbiological Infections,14: 15–21.
Dickinson, C. and Lucas, J. (1982). VNR Color Dictionary of Mushrooms. Reno, NV, USA: Von Nostrand Reinhold.
Ezebialu, C.U., Eze, E.A., Engwa, G.A., and Udeh, A.S (2021). Synergic antibacterial activity of some wild mushroom extracts with some antibiotics against resistant Gram negative bacteria. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13 (3): 1482-1490
Fasidi, I. O. and Jonathan, S. G. (1994). Growth requirement of V. esculenta (Mss) Singer, a Nigerian edible mushroom. Chem. Mikfoldtednol. Lednoson, 516: 151-155.
Gilbert, D.N., Guidos, R.J., Boucher, H.W., Talbot, G.H., Spellberg, B., Edwards Jr., J.E., Scheld, W.M., Bradley, and J.G. Bartlett, J.G (2010). The 10 × ’20 initiative: pursuing a global commitment to develop 10 new antibacterial drugs by 2020. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50 (2010):1080-1083
Harborne, J.B. (1998) Textbook of Phytochemical Methods. A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 5th Edition, Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, 21-72
Ijeh, I. I., Omodamiro, O. D. and Nwanna, I. J. (2005). Antimicrobial effects of aqueous and ethanolic fractions of two spices; Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(9): 953 – 956.
Jha, A.K. and Sit, N. (2021). Extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials using combination of various novel methods: A review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 119: 579-591
Jonathan, S.G. and Fasidi, I.O. (2003). Antimicrobial activities of two Nigerian edible macro-fungi: Lycoperdon pusilum (Bat. Ex) and Lycoperdon giganteum (Pers.). African Journal of Biomedical Research, 6:85-90.
Khudaibergenova, M. S. (2015). Antimicrobial use at a multi-disciplinary hospital. International Journal of Risk and Safety Methods, 27 (1): S13–S14.
Lambert, M. L., Suetens, C., Savey, A., Palomar, M., Hiesmayr, M., Morales, I., Agodi, A., Frank, U., Mertens, K., Shumacher, M. and Wolkewitz, M. (2010). Clinical outcomes of health-care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted to European intensive-care units: a cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 11: 30 –38.
Laxminarayan, R., Duse, A., Wattal, C., Zaid, A.K., Wertheim, H.F., Sumpradit, N.,Vlieghe, E., Hara, G.L., Gould, I., Goossens, H., Greko, C., So, A.D., Bigdeli, M., Tomson, G., Woodhouse, W., Ombaka, E., Peralta, A.Q., Qamar, F.N., Mir, F., Kar-iuki, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Coates, A., Bergstrom, R., Wright, G.D., Brown, E.D. and Cars, O. (2013). Antibiotic resistance – the need for global solutions. The Lancet Infectious Diseases,13: 1057–1098.
Lukáš, H., Matúš, K., Jana, H., Martin, R. and Jana, P. (2016) Antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts from some medicinal mushrooms. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Science, 5: 60 - 63.
Mertz, D., Brooks, A., Irfan, N. and Sung, M. (2015). Antimicrobial stewardship in theintensive care setting – a review and critical appraisal of the literature. Swiss Medicine Weekly Bulletin, 145: 14220.
Mishra, V.K., Passari, A.K., Chandra, P., Leo, V.V., Kumar, B., Gupta, V.K. and Singh, B.P. (2017) Determinationand production of antimicrobial compounds by Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31, anendophytic fungus from Mirabilis jalapa L. using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and TD GC-MS. PLoSOne 12(10):1–24.
Obasi C. J., Anyamene, C. O., Ikele, M. O., Ezebialu, C. U., Eze, H. C., Nwofor, M. N. and Ezeuko, C. M (2023). Qualitative And Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of The Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Solanum Nigrum L., International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science (IJPREMS). 3(10):73-79
Obi, V. I. and Onuoha, C. (2000). Extraction and Characterization Methods of Plants and Plant Products. In: Biological and Agricultural Techniques. 2nd. Edition. Websmedia publishers, Owerri. Pp. 271-286
Odonkor, S. T. and Addo, K. K. (2011). Bacteria resistance to antibiotics: recent trends andchallenges. International Journal of Biology and Medical Research, 2: 1204 – 1210.
Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R. (1993).Microbiology: Concepts and Application. MacGraw- Hill Inc. New York 967 pp.
Piddock, L.J., (2012). The crisis of no new antibiotics – what is the way forward? Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12: 249–253.
Stamets, P. (2000). Growing gourmet and medical mushrooms. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California, USA. Pp 45-49.
Thabit, A.K., Crandon, J. L. and Nicolau, D. P. (2015). Antimicrobial resistance: impact on clinical and economic outcomes and the need for new antimicrobials. Expert Opinions on Pharmacotherapy, 16: 159–177.
Thillaimaharan, K. A, Sharmila, K., Thangaraju, T., Karthick, M. and Kalaiselvam, M. (2016). Studies on antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Research, 4: 1540- 1545.
Torjesen, I. (2013). Antimicrobial resistance presents an apocalyptic threat similar to that of climate change, CMO warns. BMJ,346: 3 – 7.
Trease, G.E., Evans, W.C. (1996). Textbook of pharmacology.14th edn. W. Bsanders, London, Pp 45-47, 332.
Trease, G. E. and Evans, W.C. (1994). Pharmacognosy. Xii Edition. London, Bailere London.Pp.46-5
Tsungai, R., Chenjerayi, K., Catherine, C., Mudadi, A. B. and Takafira, M. (2016). Antibacterial properties of wild edible and non-edible mushrooms found in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 13: 977-984.
Varma, A. and Kharkwal, A. C. (2009). Symbiotic Fungi: Principles and Practice. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pg. 159