Multiple Antibiotic Resistance among Bacteria Isolated from Hospital Environment
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Abstract
The present study aimed at studying the antibiotics profiles and drug resistance pattern of clinical isolates before and after plasmid curing to find out whether the resistance to multiple antimicrobials was plasmid borne. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli had 26.1% and 12.6% incidence of occurrence respectively while lowest incidence of occurrence was observed with Streptococcus sp (4.5%). Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to streptomycin (44.8%), erythromycin (5.2%), tetracycline (17.2%), gentamycin (15.5%) and cloxacillin (10.3%) while Klebsiella aerogenes were resistant to amoxicillin (86.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (73.9%), and gentamicin (39.1%). All isolated E. coli and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid while resistance to amoxicillin was 71.4% and 2.2% respectively. Klebsiella aerogenes was cured of its resistance to nalidixic acid, gentamycin and tetracycline but still retained it resistance to augumetin (17.7%) and amoxicillin (35.0%). All resistant isolated tested against nalidixic acid and gentamycin was observed to be sensitive after plasmid curing while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli was observed to be cured of of tetrecycline resistance (66.7%).
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Aluyi , H. S. A., Daniel , E. O., Attah , M., & Aikhuele , U. (2013). Multiple Antibiotic Resistance among Bacteria Isolated from Hospital Environment . The Bioscientist Journal, 1(1), 80-85. Retrieved from https://bioscientistjournal.com/index.php/The_Bioscientist/article/view/19
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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52:3801–3804.
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Med. Sci. 35: 437-441.
Depardieu, F., Podglajen, I., Leclercq, R., Collatz, E. and Courvalin, P. (2007). Modes and modulations of antibiotic resistance gene expression. Clin.
Microbiol. Rev. 20(1): 79-114
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Lancet 367: 731-739.
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Clin. Microb. 45: 1350-1352
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Kalid D.A (2005). Curing of some Antibiotic
Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates by the Action of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and Elevated Temperature. Raf. Jour.
Sci.,16 (7).34-39
Kim, J. M. (2000). Multicentre surveillance study for nosocomial infections in major hospitals in Korea. Am. J.
Infect. Control: 28:454 -458.
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Nevalainen, A. (1989). Bacterial Aerosols in Indoor Air, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio.
Obrien, T. F., (1997). The global epidemic nature of antimicrobial resistance and the need to monitor and manage it
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Okhuoya, J.A. and Okaraedge, S.O. (1992). Microflora of road side air and leaf surfaces of selected vegetables. Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied
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Pastuszka1, J.S., Marchwiñska-Wyrwa, E. and Wlaz, A. (2005). Bacterial Aerosol in Silesian Hospitals: Preliminary Results. Polish Journal of
Environmental Studies. 14(6) 883-890
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Slama TG, Amin A, Brunton SA (2005). A clinician's guide to the appropriate and accurate use of antibiotics: The Council for Appropriate and Rational Antibiotic Therapy (CARAT) criteria.
Am. J. Med., 118 (Suppl 7A): 1S–6S
Son, R., Na`sreldin, E.H., Zaiton, H., Samuel, L., Rusul, G. and Nimita, F. 1998. Characterisation of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles (Anadara granosa):Antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis. FEMS Microbiology Letters
165: 139-143
Witte, W. (1998). Medical Consequences of antibiotic used in agriculture. Science.
274: 996 – 997.
Yah, S. C., Eghafona, N. O., Oranusi, S. and Abouo, A. M.(2007). Widespread plasmid resistance genes among Proteus species in diabetic wounds of patients in the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria. African Journal of
Biotechnology, 6(15), 1757-1762
Zulkifli, Y., Alitheen, N.B., Raha, A.R., Yeap,
S. K., Marlina, Son, R. and Nishibuchi, M. 2009. Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles in Padang, Indonesia.
International F
Pharm. Sci. 26: 119-121.
Bhakta, M., Arora, S. and Bal, M. (2003).
Intraspecies Transfer of a Chloramphenicol- resistance plasmid of staphylococcal origin Indian J. Med. Res. 117: 146-151
Boucher, H.W., Talbot, G.H. and Bradley, J.S. (2009). Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clin.
Infect. Dis., 48: 1–12.
Buhlmann, M., Bogli-Stuber, K., Droz, S. and
Muhlemann, K. (2008). Rapid screening for carriage of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus by PCR and associated costs. J. Clin.
Microbiol. 46(7): 2151-2154.
Burge, H.A. and Hoyer, M.E. (1990). Indoor air quality. Applied Occupational Environment Hygiene. 5: 84-93.
Cattoir, V., Poirel, L. and Nordmann. P. (2008). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance pump QepA2 in an Escherichia coli isolate from France. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52:3801–3804.
Daini, O.A., Ogbolu, D.O. and Ogunledun, A. (2006). Plasmid determined resistance to Quinolones in Clinical Isolates of Gram-negative Enteric Bacilli. Afr.
Med. Sci. 35: 437-441.
Depardieu, F., Podglajen, I., Leclercq, R., Collatz, E. and Courvalin, P. (2007). Modes and modulations of antibiotic resistance gene expression. Clin.
Microbiol. Rev. 20(1): 79-114
Diep, B.A., Gill, S.R., Chang, R.F., Plan, T.H.,
Chen, J.H. and Davidson, M.G. (2006). Complete genome sequence of USA 300, an epidemic clone of community – acquired methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Lancet 367: 731-739.
Ekhaise,F.O., Ighosewe, U.O. and Ajakpovi O.D (2008). Hospital Indoor Airborne Microflora in Private and Government Owned Hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria World Journal of Medical
Sciences 3 (1): 19-23.
Han, L.L., McDougal, L.K. and Gorwitz, R.J. (2007). High frequencies of clindamycin and tetracycline resistance in methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsed – field type USA 300 isolates collected at Boston ambulatory health center. J.
Clin. Microb. 45: 1350-1352
Jalalpoor, S.H, Kasra Kermanshahi, R., Nouhi, A.S. and Zarkesh Esfahani, H. (2009). The comparative frequency of βlactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial strains isolated from staff hands and hospital surfaces in Alzahra Hospital– Isfahan. Iranian. J. Med. Microbiol., 3(4):37-45.
Kalid D.A (2005). Curing of some Antibiotic
Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates by the Action of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and Elevated Temperature. Raf. Jour.
Sci.,16 (7).34-39
Kim, J. M. (2000). Multicentre surveillance study for nosocomial infections in major hospitals in Korea. Am. J.
Infect. Control: 28:454 -458.
Levy SB (1994). Balancing the drug-resistance equation. Trends Microbiol., 2(10): 341-2. antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests. Twelfth International Supplement; M100-S12
Neu, L.H. 1992. The crisis in antibiotic resistance. Science, 257: 1054-1073.
Nevalainen, A. (1989). Bacterial Aerosols in Indoor Air, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio.
Obrien, T. F., (1997). The global epidemic nature of antimicrobial resistance and the need to monitor and manage it
locally. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 24: 2–8.
Okhuoya, J.A. and Okaraedge, S.O. (1992). Microflora of road side air and leaf surfaces of selected vegetables. Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied
Science 12: 42-48
Pastuszka1, J.S., Marchwiñska-Wyrwa, E. and Wlaz, A. (2005). Bacterial Aerosol in Silesian Hospitals: Preliminary Results. Polish Journal of
Environmental Studies. 14(6) 883-890
Rooklidge, S.J. (2004). Environmental antimicrobial contamination from terraccumulation and diffuse pollution pathways. Sci Total Environ, 325:113.
Shanahan, P. M. A., Thomson, C. J. and. Amyes, S. G. B. (1994). The global impact of antibiotic resistant bacteria: their sources and reservoirs. Review of Medical Bacteriology 5: 174–82.
Sheikh, A.R., Afsheen, A., Sadia, K. and Abdu, W. (2003). Plasmid borne antibiotic resistance factors among indigenous Klebsiella. Pak. J. Bot, 35(2): 243-248.
Slama TG, Amin A, Brunton SA (2005). A clinician's guide to the appropriate and accurate use of antibiotics: The Council for Appropriate and Rational Antibiotic Therapy (CARAT) criteria.
Am. J. Med., 118 (Suppl 7A): 1S–6S
Son, R., Na`sreldin, E.H., Zaiton, H., Samuel, L., Rusul, G. and Nimita, F. 1998. Characterisation of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles (Anadara granosa):Antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis. FEMS Microbiology Letters
165: 139-143
Witte, W. (1998). Medical Consequences of antibiotic used in agriculture. Science.
274: 996 – 997.
Yah, S. C., Eghafona, N. O., Oranusi, S. and Abouo, A. M.(2007). Widespread plasmid resistance genes among Proteus species in diabetic wounds of patients in the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria. African Journal of
Biotechnology, 6(15), 1757-1762
Zulkifli, Y., Alitheen, N.B., Raha, A.R., Yeap,
S. K., Marlina, Son, R. and Nishibuchi, M. 2009. Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles in Padang, Indonesia.
International F