Comparative Studies of Different Combinations of Bio-Enhancers (Cassava Peel and Poultry Manure) on the Growth of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Scotch Bonnet pepper)
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Abstract
This study investigated the comparative effects of different combinations of cassava peel and poultry manure as bio-enhancers on the growth of Capsicum chinense. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments comprising: T₁ (control), T₂ (cassava peel), T₃ (poultry manure), T₄ (50% cassava peel + 50% poultry manure), T₅ (75% cassava peel + 25% poultry manure), and T₆ (25% cassava peel + 75% poultry manure), were assessed for their influence on plant morphological at 2 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP), alongside soil nutrient parameters. The morphological trait result revealed that at 4 weeks, the highest plant height was recorded in T₃ (9.3 ± 0.5 cm) and T₄ (8.0 ± 0.01 cm), while T₂ showed the lowest values (1.340±0.75; 2.36±0.5) for 2weeks and 4 weeks. Leaf was highest at T₂ (22.36 ± 0.25) and T₃ (19 ± 0.5), whereas the control produced significantly fewer leaves (6.0±0.007). Stem girth increased substantially in T₃ (9.4 ± 0.1 mm) and T₆ (9.0 ± 0.001 mm), outperforming the control (7.0 ± 0.065 mm). Similarly, leaf area was maximized in T₄ (56.06 ± 1.03 cm²) and T₆ (49.0 ± 0.09 cm²), compared with the control (28 ± 0.5 cm²). A strong positive correlation was observed between nitrogen and phosphorus (r = 0.785, p = 0.064) and between potassium and sodium (r = 0.907, p = 0.0125), indicating complementary nutrient interactions in the soil. Multivariate analyses supported these results. Cluster analysis grouped T₄, T₆, and T₃ (4 WAP) as morphologically similar and superior, while PCA separated T₃, T₄, and T₅ from the control, confirming treatment differentiation. The findings suggest that the synergistic use of cassava peel and poultry manure can improve soil fertility and promote vigorous growth of Capsicum chinense, providing a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative.
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