Evaluation of Fruit-Based attractants and Methyl Eugenol for Mass Trapping of Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) in Mango Orchards of Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) production in Nigeria is severely constrained by fruit fly infestation, particularly Bactrocera dorsalis, which causes substantial yield and quality losses. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fruit-based attractants and methyl eugenol (ME) for mass trapping of mango fruit fly (B. dorsalis) in mango orchards of Kaduna State. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications. Bucket traps baited with the attractants were installed in mango orchards and trapped flies were collected weekly, identified and quantified. Data obtained from this study were subjected to the analysis of variance. Methyl eugenol consistently recorded the highest trap catches throughout the study period (5.0±1.9 to 12.2±0.9) in both locations, confirming its high efficiency as a lure for B. dorsalis. Among the fruit-based attractants, mango bait produced the highest (4.8±1.9 to 12.8±1.2) captures, followed by orange (6.0±1.4 to 6.5±0.7) and pineapple (5.0±0.3 to 5.8±1.1), while banana (4.0±1.5 to 4.3±0.9) and water (1.2±0.4 to 1.5±0.4) recorded the lowest catches. Although fruit-based attractants were less effective than ME, they attracted fruit flies and showed moderate trapping potential, ranging from 4.0±1.5 to 12.8±1.2 catches. Unlike the fruit attractants used, Trap catches across the weeks did not differ consistently between locations, indicating similar fruit fly population dynamics in the two areas. The study demonstrates that ME is the most effective attractant for mass trapping of B. dorsalisin mango orchards. However, locally available fruit-based attractants, particularly mango, orange and pineapple, can complement ME in integrated fruit fly management programs.
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