Methanolic Extracts of Selected Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) On Maize Infestation in Kaduna and Katsina States, Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of methanolic extracts of selected botanicals against the larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda under laboratory, screen-house, and field conditions. Treatments comprised methanolic extracts of Khaya senegalensis, Hyptis suaveolens, Capsicum frutescens and Azadirachta indica, including their binary mixtures in a 50:50 ratio, each applied at concentrations of 2.5 %, 5.0 % and 10.0 % (w/v). Emamectin benzoate (5% WDG) served as the positive control, while water + 0.1 % tween 80 acted as the negative control. Results revealed significant variations among treatments across all parameters. The combination of H. suaveolens + A. indica exhibited the highest larval mortality: feeding toxicity (72.53±1.44%) and contact toxicity (50.18±5.39%), greatest antifeedant effect (74.76±3.66%), and lowest leaf damage incidence (1.34±0.21%, and 1.77±0.08%) and severity (1.31±0.03%, and 1.29±0.03%) under screen house and field conditions respectively, with consequent increase in maize dry matter weight (3.85±0.52 t ha-1) and overall grain yield (8.12±0.15 tha-1) comparable to Emamectin benzoate. The findings demonstrate the bio-efficacy of H. suaveolens + A. indica mixtures as potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides in the management of fall armyworm (FAW) infestation on maize.
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Mansur, A., Utono, I. M., Bamaiyi, L. J., & Ibrahim, N. D. (2026). Methanolic Extracts of Selected Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) On Maize Infestation in Kaduna and Katsina States, Nigeria. The Bioscientist Journal, 14(2), 208 - 226. https://doi.org/10.54117/the_bioscientist.v14i2.229
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Majekodunmi, S. O. (2015). Review of extraction of medicinal plants for pharmaceutical research. Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Science. 3:521–7.
Mbaidiro T. J., and Onzo, A. (2022). Effectiveness of Neem Oil and Jatropha Oil in Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) on Maize in the Republic of Chad. European Scientific Journal, 18(30): 223. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n30p223
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Pandey. A. and Tripathi, S. (2014). Concept of standardization, extraction, and pre-phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognocy and Phytochemicals. 2:115–9.
Paula, V. F. d., Paula, L. C. d. A., Demuner, A. J., Pil´o- Veloso, D. and Picanço, M. C., (2000). Synthesis and insecticidal activity of new amide derivatives of piperine. Pest Management Science, 56(2):168–174.
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Prasoona, U. S., Kolhe, A. V., Tathode, V. R., and Tidke, V. N. (2022). Antifeedant activity of some botanicals against Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) under laboratory condition. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(1): 101-104.
Raheja, A. K. (1976). Assessment of losses caused by insect pests of cowpea in Northern Nigeria. Pesticide Action Network, 22: 229-333.
Santosh K., Ram S.U., Alok K., Vivek K.P., Rakesh D. and Abhay K. (2020). “Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticides and biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on tomato”. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies; 8(3): 555-558
Ujang, Z. B., Subramaniam, T., Diah, M. M., Wahid, H. B., Abdullah, B. B., Rashid, A. A., and Appleton, D. (2013). Bioguided fractionation and purification of natural bioactive obtained from Alpinia conchigera water extract with melanin inhibition activity. Journal of Biomater and Nanobiotechnology, 4:265–72.
Adebayo, R. A., Ogunlade, M. O., and Adeyemi, B. T. (2020). Evaluation of neem-based botanical mixtures for management of maize insect pests in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Agricultural Research, 12(3): 45 – 55.
Abdullahi, N., Yahya, S., Yushau, M., and Tukur, Z. (2012). Laboratory evaluation of the effect of Khaya senegalensis and Cassia occidentalis ethanolic leaves extracts against worker termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidoe) on treated wood sample. Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 3(11): 152–155.
Aliyu, M., Yusuf, S. R. and Abdullahi, J. (2011). Evaluation of kane plant extracts (Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill and Parr.) for the control of three post flowering insect pest of cowpea (Vigina unguiculata (L) Walp) in Bauchi. Savanna Journal of Agriculture, 6(1): 1-10.
Amusan, A. A. S., Idowu, A. B. and Arowolo, F. S. (2005). Comparative toxicity effect of bush tea leaves (Hyptis suaveolens) and orange peel (Citrus sinensis) oil extract on larvae of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti . Tanzania Health Research Bulletin 7: 174-178.
Aryani, D. S. and Auamcharoen, W. (2016). Repellency and contact toxicity of crude extracts fromthreeThai plants (Zingiberaceae) against maize grain weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschlusky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Biopesticides, 9(1): 52–62.
Azwanida, N. N. (2015). A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength, and limitation. Med Aromat Plants. 4:196.
Birhanu, S., Tadele, T., Mulatu, W., Gashawbeza, A., and Esayas, M. (2019). The Efficacy of Selected Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals against Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Maize. Insects, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Bulus, J., Kwanashie, A.J., Utono, I.M., Habila, J.D., Alao, S.E.L., Zarafi, A.B., Bamaiyi, L.J., Abubakar, A. and Kashina, B.D. (2023). In vitro ovicidal activity of bio-pesticidal compounds on meloidogyne incognita eggs. Nigerian Society of Nematologists (NISON) 6th Biennial Conference Abuja October, 2023.
CABI, (2017). Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Evidence Note (Summary Version), September 2017, 10p.
Doughari, J. H. (2012). Phytochemicals: Extraction methods, basic structures, and mode of action as potential chemotherapeutic agents, phytochemicals––a global perspective of their role in nutrition and health. In: Venketeshwer R, editor. A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health. InTech; 2012. [Last accessed 2019 Jun. 10]. Available from: www.intechopen.com .
Edley, F. B. Bezerra1, R. G. S., Antônio, C. S. M., André, C. S. A., Flávio, G. J., Ednaldo, C. R. and Márcio, S. A. (2019). Toxicity of Machaerium opacum (Fabaceae) leaf extracts against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Agricultural Science, 11(10): 292.
Emmanuel, A., Olatunde, T. and Bello, M. (2022a). Insecticidal efficacy of botanical seed extracts against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae under laboratory and field conditions. Nigerian Journal of Entomology, 39(1): 11 – 21.
Emmanuel, P.Y., Afrifa, Y.E.C., Hayford, O. and Eric, A. (2022b). Antifeedant potency of Mentha spicata aqueous extracts against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1314042/v1.
Falko, P., Drijfhout, E. and David, M. (2010). Comparehensive natural products II: phragmalins. Chemical Ecology ScienceDirect, https://www.sciencedirect.com/tropics/agricultural-and-biological-science/khaya-senegalensis (Accessed 12/12/2021).
FAO, (2017). Fall Armyworm outbreak, a blow to prospects of recovery for southern africa. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/africa/ news/detail-news/en/c/469532/.
FAO (2018). Integrated Management of the Fall Armyworm on Maize. A guide for Farmer Field Schools in Africa. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2018. ISBN 978-92-5-130493-8. www.fao.org/publications.
Goergen, G., Kumar, P.L., Sankung, S.B., Togola, A., Tamò, M., (2016). First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa. PLoS One 11 (10), e0165632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0165632.
Ingle, K. P., Deshmukh, A. G, Padole, D. A., Dudhare, M. S., Moharil, M. P., Khelurkar, V. C. (2017). Phytochemicals: Extraction methods, identification, and detection of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Journal of Pharmacognocy and Phytochemical. 6:32–6.
Kareru, P., Rotich, Z. K., and Maina, E. W. (2013). Use of Botanicals and Safer Insecticides Designed in Controlling Insects: The African Case. Intechopen, http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53924.
Kelita, P., Yolice, T., Trust, K., Vernon, H. K., Philip, C. S., and Steven, R. B., (2020). Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda). Plants, 9: 112.
Lucena, D. C., Bertholdo-vargas, L. R., and Silva, W. C. (2017). Biological activity of Piper aduncum extracts on anticarsia gemmatalis (h¨ubner) (Lepidoptera: erebidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciˆencias, 89(3):1869–1879.
Majekodunmi, S. O. (2015). Review of extraction of medicinal plants for pharmaceutical research. Merit Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Science. 3:521–7.
Mbaidiro T. J., and Onzo, A. (2022). Effectiveness of Neem Oil and Jatropha Oil in Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) on Maize in the Republic of Chad. European Scientific Journal, 18(30): 223. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n30p223
Oparaeke, A.M., Dike, M.C. and Amatobi, C.I. (2005). Botanical pesticide mixtures for insect pest management on cowpea, Vigina unguiculata (L.) Walp Plants. The pod borer Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and pod sucking bug, Claigralla tomentosicollis Stal (Heteroptera: Coreidae). Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica, 28(2): 33-38.
Pandey. A. and Tripathi, S. (2014). Concept of standardization, extraction, and pre-phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognocy and Phytochemicals. 2:115–9.
Paula, V. F. d., Paula, L. C. d. A., Demuner, A. J., Pil´o- Veloso, D. and Picanço, M. C., (2000). Synthesis and insecticidal activity of new amide derivatives of piperine. Pest Management Science, 56(2):168–174.
Prasanna, B.M., Joseph E. H., Regina, E., Virginia, M. P. (eds). (2018). Fall Armyworm in Africa: A Guide for Integrated Pest Management, First Edition. Mexico, CDMX: CIMMYT.
Prasoona, U. S., Kolhe, A. V., Tathode, V. R., and Tidke, V. N. (2022). Antifeedant activity of some botanicals against Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) under laboratory condition. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(1): 101-104.
Raheja, A. K. (1976). Assessment of losses caused by insect pests of cowpea in Northern Nigeria. Pesticide Action Network, 22: 229-333.
Santosh K., Ram S.U., Alok K., Vivek K.P., Rakesh D. and Abhay K. (2020). “Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticides and biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on tomato”. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies; 8(3): 555-558
Ujang, Z. B., Subramaniam, T., Diah, M. M., Wahid, H. B., Abdullah, B. B., Rashid, A. A., and Appleton, D. (2013). Bioguided fractionation and purification of natural bioactive obtained from Alpinia conchigera water extract with melanin inhibition activity. Journal of Biomater and Nanobiotechnology, 4:265–72.