In-vitro screening of antibacterial potentials of Aspilia africana leaves.
Main Article Content
Abstract
In-vitro screening of antibacterial potentials of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Aspilia africana leaves was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Data obtained from this study indicated that the leaf extracts of A. africana possessed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The methanolic and ethanolic extract of A. africana showed antibacterial activity with the diameter of zone of inhibition of 9.0 - 16.0 mm and 7.17 - 14.17 mm against S. aureus, 8.0 – 14.67 mm and 8.83 - 13.17 mm against K. pneumonia and 7.0 - 14.0 mm and 7.50 - 12.33 mm against P. aeruginosa respectively. Methanolic extract of A. africana was observed to be more potent, inhibiting all isolates thus showing higher antibacterial activity than the ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The efficacy of the extracts was further exhibited as the S. aureus used for the study, was resistant to the positive control (gentamicin) while been sensitive to the extracts. The test organisms were not sensitive to the extractants alone. The efficacy of the extracts towards inhibition of the micro organisms increased with increased concentration. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts on the test organisms also increased in the following order; aqueous < ethanolic < methanolic. Findings from this study further showed that plants are potential sources of new drugs for treating infections caused by these antibiotic resistant clinical pathogens
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Adeniyi, B. A. and Odufowora, R. O. (2000). In – vitro antimicrobial properties of A. africana
(compositae). African Journal of Biomedical Research, 3(3): 167 – 170.
Akonbondu, O. I. and Agyakwa, W. C. (1998). A Handbook of West African Weeds, IITA, Ibadan.
Brooks, G. F., Butel, J. S. and Morse, S. A.
(2004). Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, 23rd Edition (International edition). McGraw Hill, Singapore.
Clauditz, A., Resch, A., Wieland, K-P., Peschel, A. and Gotz, F. (2006). Staphyloxanthin plays a role in the fitness of Staphylococcus aureus and its ability to cope with oxidative stress. Infection and Immunity, 74: 4950 – 4953.
Esimone, C. O., Ibezim E. C., Chah, K. F. (2005). The wound healing effect of herbal ointments formulated with Napoleona imperialis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Applied Science, 3 (1): 294 -299.
Liu, G. Y., Essex, A., Buchanan, J. T., Datta, V., Hoffman, H. M., Bastian,
J. F., Fierer, J. and Nizet, V. (2005).
Staphylococcus aureus golden pigment impairs neutrophils killing and promotes virulence through its antioxidant activity. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 202: 209 - 215
Masoto, K. and Wu, Y. (1994). Chemistry of 1, 2 – Dithiins synthesis of the Potent Antibiotic Thiarubine A. Journal of American Chemical
Society, 116: 10793 – 10794.
Merinal, S. and Viji Stella Boi, G. (2012). Invitro screening of antimicrobial potentials of Cissus quadrangularis L. Asian Journal of Plant Science
and Research, 2 (1):58-62
Musyimi, D. M., Ogar, J. M. and Muema, P. M. (2007). Effects of leaf and root extracts of Aspilia mossambicensis
Wild on some selected microorganisms. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1: 213 – 220.
Oliver, B. E. P. (1960). Medicinal Plants in Nigeria, 1st Edition, Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology, Lagos, Nigeria.
Oluyemi, K. A, Jimoh, O. R, Adesanya, O., Omotuyi, I. O, Josiah, S. J. and Oyesola, T. O. (2007). Effects of crude ethanolic extract of Garcinia cambogia on the reproductive system of male wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (10): 1236-1238.
Omojasola, P. F. and Awe, S. (2004). The Antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale and Gossyptum hirsutum against some selected microorganisms. Bioscience Research
Communication, 16 (1).
Oyagade, J. O., Awotoye, J. T., Adewunmi, A. and Thorpe, H. T. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of some Nigerian medicinal plants: Screening for antibacterial activity. Journal of Biological Research Community, 11(3): 193-197.
Podschum, R. and Ullman, U. (1998). Klesiella spp.as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods and pathogenicity factors. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 11(4): 589 – 603.
Ryan, K. C. and Ray, G. N. (2004). Sherris
Medical Microbiology, An Introduction to Infectious diseases, 4th Edition. McGraw Hill NewYork.
Single, S.C. (1965). Medicinal Plants of Nigeria, 1st Edition. Nigerian National Press, Apapa.
Soforowa, E.A. (1996). Research on medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2(3): 365-372.