Heavy metal contents and microbial diversity of waste engine oil-polluted soil in some public and commercial centres in Benin City metropolis, Nigeria.
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigated the heavy metal contents and microbial diversity of waste engine oilpolluted soil in some public and commercial centres in Benin City metropolis, Nigeria. The study was carried out in four Local Government Areas (Ikpoba Okha, Ovia North East, Egor and Oredo) within Benin Metropolis; the administrative headquarters of Edo State of Nigeria. Certain plots within the study area were selected based on the presence of waste engine oil spill on the ground, either due to activities of mechanics, parked vehicles, stationary diesel engines, or oil dump sites. However, in the present study only mechanic workshops (MW), bakeries (BK), generating plant houses (GN), as well as spare part dealer shops (SP) located within the City were selected. Field reconnaissance studies were carried to estimate the extent of pollution on surrounding soil, using the presence and absence of some flora and fauna, and developmental defects on some flora. Top soil (0 - 10 cm) was randomly collected from about 30 cm from the periphery of the spill sites and then pooled together to obtain composite samples. These were labelled appropriately, and immediately transported in polythene bags, covered with aluminium foil papers, to the laboratory for heavy metal and microbial assay.
Article Details
How to Cite
Ikhajiagbe, B., Chijioke-osuji, C., & Osazee, J. (2014). Heavy metal contents and microbial diversity of waste engine oil-polluted soil in some public and commercial centres in Benin City metropolis, Nigeria . The Bioscientist Journal, 2(1), 41-53. Retrieved from https://bioscientistjournal.com/index.php/The_Bioscientist/article/view/62
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Abdulsalam, S. and Omale, A. B. (2009).
Comparison of biostimulation and
Bioaugmentation techniques for the
remediation of used motor oil -
contaminated soil. Brazilian Biology and
Technology, 52: 747-754
Abdulsalam, S., Bugaje, I. M., Adefila, S. S. and
Ibrahim, S. (2011). Comparison of
biostimulation and bioaugmentation for
remediation of soil contaminated with spent
motor oil. International Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, 8:
187-194
Allen, C. R., Boyd, D.R., Larkin, M.J., Reid, K.A.,
Sharma, N.D. and Wilson, K. (1997).
Metabolism of naphthalene, I-naphthol,
idene and indole by Rhodococcus strain
NCIMB 123038. Applied and
Environmental Microbiology, 63: 151-155.
Amund, O.O. (2000). The oil-eating microbes: a
remedy to the menace of oil pollution. An
inaugural lecture delivered at the University
of Lagos, Nigeria. 27pp.
Aneja, K.R. (2003). Experiments in Microbiology,
Plants Pathology and Biotechnology, 4th
Edition. New Age Pub. Ltd. New Delhi. 606
pp
Anoliefo, G.O and Ikhajiagbe, B. (2011). Plantmicrobial
interaction in the degradation of
crude oil in soil: Synergism in
bioremediation. Nigerian Journal of Life
Sciences, 1(1): 40-52.
April, T.M., Foght, J. M. and Currah, R.S. (2000).
Hydrocarbon-degrading filamentous fungi
isolated from flare pit soils in Northern and
Western Canada. Canadian Journal of
Microbiology, 46(1): 38-49.
Atlas, R. M. (1995). Petroleum Biodegradation and
Oil Spill Bioremediation. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 31: 178-182.
Banat, I.M., Makkar, R.S. and Cameotra, S.S.
(2000). Potential commercial applications of
microbial surfactants. Applied Microbiology
and Biotechnology, 53: 495-508.
Bogan, B.W., Larner, L. M., Ullivan Beilan, W. R.
and Paterek, J. R. (2003). Degradation of
straight chain aliphatic and high-molecular
weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by
strains of Mycobacterium austroafricanum.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94: 230-
239
Cataldo, D.A. and Wildung, R.E. (1978). Soil and
plant factors influencing the accumulation of
heavy metals by plants. Environmental and
Health Perspective, 27: 149-159.
Cheesbrough, M. (2000). District Laboratory
Practices in Tropical Countries. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge. 416p.
Cowan, S.T. and Steel, K.J. (1973). Cowan and
Steel's manual for identification of medical
bacteria. Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge, New York. Pp.21-24.
Dally, K., Dixon, A. C., Swanell, R.P. J., Lipo, J.
E. and Head, I. M. (1997). Diversity among
aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria
and their meta cleavage genes. Journal of
Applied Microbiology, 83: 421-429
Edebiri, R.A.O. and Nwanokwale, E. (1981).
Control of pollution from internal
combustion engine used lubricant.
Proceedings of the International Seminar
Petroleum Industry and the Nigeria
Environment. 12p.
Efeovbokhan, V.E., Hymore, F.K. and Oyakhire,
C.T.G. (2012). The Effects of Pseudomonas
aeroginosa and Aspergillus niger on the
Bioremediation of Raw and Treated Crude
Oil Polluted Water. International Journal of
Science and Technology, 2(6): 2224-3577.
Efroymson, R.A., M.E. Will, G.W. Suter II and A.C.
Wooten, 1997. Toxicological Benchmarks
for Screening Contaminants of Potential
Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants:
Revision. ES/ER/TM- 85/R3. U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of
Environmental Management, 123p.
Ekundayo, E.O. and Obuekwe, C.A. (1997). Effects
of oil spill on soil physicochemical
properties of a spill site in a typic paledult of
51
Heavy metal contents...
Ikhajiagbe et al., 2014 51
Midwestern Nigeria. Environmental
Pollution, 22: 187-196.
Fic, M. and Schroter, M.I. (1989). Batch studies for
the investigation of the mobility of the
heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn. Journal of
Contaminated Hydrology, 4: 69-78.
Igwe, J. C., Abia, A. A. and Ibeh, C. A. (2008).
Adsorption kinetics and Intraparticulate
diffusivities of Hg, As, and Pb ions on
unmodified and thiolated coconut fibre.
International Journal of Environmental
Science and Technology, 5: 83-92
Ikhajiagbe B and Chinenye C. Chijioke-Osuji
(2012). Heavy metal contents and microbial
composition of the rhizosphere of Eleusine
indica within an auto-mechanic workshop in
Benin City, Nigeria. Journal of the Ghana
Science Association, 14 (2): 45 - 55.
Ikhajiagbe, B. and Anoliefo, G.O. (2011). Natural
attenuation of a 14-month-old waste engine
oil – polluted soil. Journal of Soil Science
and Environmental Management, 2(7): 184-
192.
Ikhajiagbe, B. and Anoliefo, G.O. (2012a). Weed
biodiversity studies of a waste engine oilpolluted
soil exposed at different intervals of
natural attenuation and substrate
amendment. Journal of Biological Sciences,
12(5): 280-286.
Ikhajiagbe, B. and Anoliefo, G.O. (2012b). Phyto –
assessment of a petroleum hydrocarbon
contaminated – soil exposed to different
intervals of natural attenuation. Proceedings
of the 12th Annual Conference of the
Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology
(NISEB), University of Benin, Benin City,
14th - 17th March, 2012. Pp 70 - 76.
Irwin, P (1996). To clean up environmental spill,
know your medium. Electrical World, 8:37-
40.
Kanaly, R. and Harayama, S. (2000).
Biodegradation of high-molecular weight
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by
bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology, 182:
2059-2067.
Leahy, J.G. and Colwell, R.R. (1990). Microbial
degradation of hydrocarbons in the
environment. Microbiology Review, 54: 305-
315.
Malakiootian, M., Nouri, J. and Houssaui, H.
(2009). Removal of heavy metals from paint
industry's wastewater using leca as an
available adsorbent. International Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, 6:
183-190
Mandri, T. and Lin, J. (2007). Isolation and
characterization of engine oil degrading
indigenous microorganisms in Kwazulu-
Natal, South Africa, African Journal of
Biotechnology, 6(1): 23-27.
Parales, R.E., Bruce, C.N., Schmid, A. and Wackett,
L.P. (2003). Biodegradation,
biotransformation, and biocatalysis (B3).
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
68(10): 4699-4709.
Robinson, B., Russel, C., Hedley, M. and Clothier,
B. (2001). Cadmium adsorbtion by
rhizobacteria: implications for New Zealand
pasture land. Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment, 87:315-321.
Romero, M.C., Hammer, E., Cazau, M.C. and
Arambarri, A.M. (2001). Selection of
autochthonous yeast strains able to degrade
biphenyl. World Journal of Microbiology
and Biotechnology, 17: 591-594.
Turgut, C. (2003). The contamination with
organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals
in surface water in Küçük Menderes River
in Rurkey,. Environment International,
29:29-32.
U.S. Congress (1991). Technology Assessment,
Bioremediation for Marine Oil Spills-
Background Paper. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC: United States.
42pp.
Vankateswaran, K., Hoaki, T., Kato, M. and
Murayama, T. (1995). Microbial degradation
of resins fractionated for Arabian light crude
oil. Canadian Journal Microbiology, 41:
418-424.
52
Heavy metal contents...
Ikhajiagbe et al., 2014 52
Wackett, L.P. and Hershberger, L.C.D. (2001).
Biocatalysis and biodegradation: Microbial
transformation of organic compounds. ASM
Press, Washington. 137pp.
Wang, Z. D., Fingas, M., Blenkinsopp, S., Sergy, G.,
Landriault, M., Sigouin, L., Lambert, P.,
(2008). Study of 25 year old Nipis Oil Spill:
persistence of oil residues and comparisons
between surface and subsurface sediments.
Environmental Science and Technology, 32,
2222-2232.
Whisman, M.L., Goetzinger, J.W. and Cotton, F.O.
(1974). Waste lubricating oil research. An
Investigation of Several Re-fining Methods.
Energy Research Center, Bureau of mines,
Bartlesville,
Wilhelmy, S.A.S., Duaret, I.R. and Flegal, A.R.
(1996). Distribution of Colloidal Trace
Metals in the San Francisco Bay Estuary.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica, 60(24):
4933-4944.
Yogambal, R.K. and Karegoudar, T.B. (1997).
Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons by Aspergillus niger. Indian
Journal of Experimental Biology, 35: 1021-
1023.
Comparison of biostimulation and
Bioaugmentation techniques for the
remediation of used motor oil -
contaminated soil. Brazilian Biology and
Technology, 52: 747-754
Abdulsalam, S., Bugaje, I. M., Adefila, S. S. and
Ibrahim, S. (2011). Comparison of
biostimulation and bioaugmentation for
remediation of soil contaminated with spent
motor oil. International Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, 8:
187-194
Allen, C. R., Boyd, D.R., Larkin, M.J., Reid, K.A.,
Sharma, N.D. and Wilson, K. (1997).
Metabolism of naphthalene, I-naphthol,
idene and indole by Rhodococcus strain
NCIMB 123038. Applied and
Environmental Microbiology, 63: 151-155.
Amund, O.O. (2000). The oil-eating microbes: a
remedy to the menace of oil pollution. An
inaugural lecture delivered at the University
of Lagos, Nigeria. 27pp.
Aneja, K.R. (2003). Experiments in Microbiology,
Plants Pathology and Biotechnology, 4th
Edition. New Age Pub. Ltd. New Delhi. 606
pp
Anoliefo, G.O and Ikhajiagbe, B. (2011). Plantmicrobial
interaction in the degradation of
crude oil in soil: Synergism in
bioremediation. Nigerian Journal of Life
Sciences, 1(1): 40-52.
April, T.M., Foght, J. M. and Currah, R.S. (2000).
Hydrocarbon-degrading filamentous fungi
isolated from flare pit soils in Northern and
Western Canada. Canadian Journal of
Microbiology, 46(1): 38-49.
Atlas, R. M. (1995). Petroleum Biodegradation and
Oil Spill Bioremediation. Marine Pollution
Bulletin, 31: 178-182.
Banat, I.M., Makkar, R.S. and Cameotra, S.S.
(2000). Potential commercial applications of
microbial surfactants. Applied Microbiology
and Biotechnology, 53: 495-508.
Bogan, B.W., Larner, L. M., Ullivan Beilan, W. R.
and Paterek, J. R. (2003). Degradation of
straight chain aliphatic and high-molecular
weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by
strains of Mycobacterium austroafricanum.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94: 230-
239
Cataldo, D.A. and Wildung, R.E. (1978). Soil and
plant factors influencing the accumulation of
heavy metals by plants. Environmental and
Health Perspective, 27: 149-159.
Cheesbrough, M. (2000). District Laboratory
Practices in Tropical Countries. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge. 416p.
Cowan, S.T. and Steel, K.J. (1973). Cowan and
Steel's manual for identification of medical
bacteria. Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge, New York. Pp.21-24.
Dally, K., Dixon, A. C., Swanell, R.P. J., Lipo, J.
E. and Head, I. M. (1997). Diversity among
aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria
and their meta cleavage genes. Journal of
Applied Microbiology, 83: 421-429
Edebiri, R.A.O. and Nwanokwale, E. (1981).
Control of pollution from internal
combustion engine used lubricant.
Proceedings of the International Seminar
Petroleum Industry and the Nigeria
Environment. 12p.
Efeovbokhan, V.E., Hymore, F.K. and Oyakhire,
C.T.G. (2012). The Effects of Pseudomonas
aeroginosa and Aspergillus niger on the
Bioremediation of Raw and Treated Crude
Oil Polluted Water. International Journal of
Science and Technology, 2(6): 2224-3577.
Efroymson, R.A., M.E. Will, G.W. Suter II and A.C.
Wooten, 1997. Toxicological Benchmarks
for Screening Contaminants of Potential
Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants:
Revision. ES/ER/TM- 85/R3. U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of
Environmental Management, 123p.
Ekundayo, E.O. and Obuekwe, C.A. (1997). Effects
of oil spill on soil physicochemical
properties of a spill site in a typic paledult of
51
Heavy metal contents...
Ikhajiagbe et al., 2014 51
Midwestern Nigeria. Environmental
Pollution, 22: 187-196.
Fic, M. and Schroter, M.I. (1989). Batch studies for
the investigation of the mobility of the
heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn. Journal of
Contaminated Hydrology, 4: 69-78.
Igwe, J. C., Abia, A. A. and Ibeh, C. A. (2008).
Adsorption kinetics and Intraparticulate
diffusivities of Hg, As, and Pb ions on
unmodified and thiolated coconut fibre.
International Journal of Environmental
Science and Technology, 5: 83-92
Ikhajiagbe B and Chinenye C. Chijioke-Osuji
(2012). Heavy metal contents and microbial
composition of the rhizosphere of Eleusine
indica within an auto-mechanic workshop in
Benin City, Nigeria. Journal of the Ghana
Science Association, 14 (2): 45 - 55.
Ikhajiagbe, B. and Anoliefo, G.O. (2011). Natural
attenuation of a 14-month-old waste engine
oil – polluted soil. Journal of Soil Science
and Environmental Management, 2(7): 184-
192.
Ikhajiagbe, B. and Anoliefo, G.O. (2012a). Weed
biodiversity studies of a waste engine oilpolluted
soil exposed at different intervals of
natural attenuation and substrate
amendment. Journal of Biological Sciences,
12(5): 280-286.
Ikhajiagbe, B. and Anoliefo, G.O. (2012b). Phyto –
assessment of a petroleum hydrocarbon
contaminated – soil exposed to different
intervals of natural attenuation. Proceedings
of the 12th Annual Conference of the
Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology
(NISEB), University of Benin, Benin City,
14th - 17th March, 2012. Pp 70 - 76.
Irwin, P (1996). To clean up environmental spill,
know your medium. Electrical World, 8:37-
40.
Kanaly, R. and Harayama, S. (2000).
Biodegradation of high-molecular weight
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by
bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology, 182:
2059-2067.
Leahy, J.G. and Colwell, R.R. (1990). Microbial
degradation of hydrocarbons in the
environment. Microbiology Review, 54: 305-
315.
Malakiootian, M., Nouri, J. and Houssaui, H.
(2009). Removal of heavy metals from paint
industry's wastewater using leca as an
available adsorbent. International Journal of
Environmental Science and Technology, 6:
183-190
Mandri, T. and Lin, J. (2007). Isolation and
characterization of engine oil degrading
indigenous microorganisms in Kwazulu-
Natal, South Africa, African Journal of
Biotechnology, 6(1): 23-27.
Parales, R.E., Bruce, C.N., Schmid, A. and Wackett,
L.P. (2003). Biodegradation,
biotransformation, and biocatalysis (B3).
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
68(10): 4699-4709.
Robinson, B., Russel, C., Hedley, M. and Clothier,
B. (2001). Cadmium adsorbtion by
rhizobacteria: implications for New Zealand
pasture land. Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment, 87:315-321.
Romero, M.C., Hammer, E., Cazau, M.C. and
Arambarri, A.M. (2001). Selection of
autochthonous yeast strains able to degrade
biphenyl. World Journal of Microbiology
and Biotechnology, 17: 591-594.
Turgut, C. (2003). The contamination with
organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals
in surface water in Küçük Menderes River
in Rurkey,. Environment International,
29:29-32.
U.S. Congress (1991). Technology Assessment,
Bioremediation for Marine Oil Spills-
Background Paper. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC: United States.
42pp.
Vankateswaran, K., Hoaki, T., Kato, M. and
Murayama, T. (1995). Microbial degradation
of resins fractionated for Arabian light crude
oil. Canadian Journal Microbiology, 41:
418-424.
52
Heavy metal contents...
Ikhajiagbe et al., 2014 52
Wackett, L.P. and Hershberger, L.C.D. (2001).
Biocatalysis and biodegradation: Microbial
transformation of organic compounds. ASM
Press, Washington. 137pp.
Wang, Z. D., Fingas, M., Blenkinsopp, S., Sergy, G.,
Landriault, M., Sigouin, L., Lambert, P.,
(2008). Study of 25 year old Nipis Oil Spill:
persistence of oil residues and comparisons
between surface and subsurface sediments.
Environmental Science and Technology, 32,
2222-2232.
Whisman, M.L., Goetzinger, J.W. and Cotton, F.O.
(1974). Waste lubricating oil research. An
Investigation of Several Re-fining Methods.
Energy Research Center, Bureau of mines,
Bartlesville,
Wilhelmy, S.A.S., Duaret, I.R. and Flegal, A.R.
(1996). Distribution of Colloidal Trace
Metals in the San Francisco Bay Estuary.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica, 60(24):
4933-4944.
Yogambal, R.K. and Karegoudar, T.B. (1997).
Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons by Aspergillus niger. Indian
Journal of Experimental Biology, 35: 1021-
1023.