Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Parkia biglobosa (African Locust Bean) Pods
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Abstract
The use of plant materials for nutrient supply and therapeutic function has necessitated the exploration of the beneficial role of commonly consumed plant materials in multi-disease conditions. Present study investigated the phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of ethanolic extract of Parkia biglobosa pod. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that it contained saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, carotenoids, steroids, tannins and reducing sugar. In addition, the ethanolic extract also exhibited 1, 1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric ion reducing antioxidant activity which occurred at a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, antimicrobial study showed that the extract is a potent antibacterial agent without antifungal activity at the concentrations investigated. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the ethanolic pod extract was 12.80 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aerugenosa and 25.60 mg/ml for Escherichia coli. This is the same value obtained for the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). This study has shown the potential application of ethanolic extract of Parkia biglobosa pod in antioxidant requiring and antibacterial treatment.
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onyeisi, onyeisi. (2013). Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Parkia biglobosa (African Locust Bean) Pods . The Bioscientist Journal, 1(2), 182-191. Retrieved from https://bioscientistjournal.com/index.php/The_Bioscientist/article/view/74
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References
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Agunu A., Onaolapo J.A. and Udobi C.E. (2008). Antibacterial activities and Bioactive components of the aqueous fraction of the stem bark of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.)(mimosaceae). Nig. J. Pharm. Sci. 7: 49-55.
Ajaiyeoba E.O. (2002). Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Parkia biglobosa and Parkia bicolor leaf extracts. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 5: 125129.
Allen R.G. and Tresini M. (2000). Oxidative stress and gene regulation. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28: 463-499.
Asase A., Oteng-Yeboah A.A., Odamtten G.T. and Simmonds M.S.J. (2005). Ethnobotanical study of some Ghanaian anti-malarial plants. J. Ethnopharmacol. 99: 273-279.
Asuzu I.U and Harvey A.L. (2003). The antisnake venom activities of Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) stem bark extract. Toxicon. 42: 763-768.
Benzie I.F. and Strain J.J. (1996). The ferricreducing ability of plasma
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Builders M.I., Tarfa F. and Aguiyi J.C. (2012). The Potency of African Locust Bean Tree as Antimalarial. J. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 7: 274-287.
Campbell-platt G. (1980). African Locust Bean (Parkia species) and its West African fermented food product, Dawadawa. Ecol. Food Nutr. 9: 123132.
Chukwu O., Orhevba B.A. and Mahmood B.I. (2010). Influence of Hydrothermal Treatment on proximate composition of fermented Locust Bean (Dawadawa). J. Food Technol. 8: 99-101.
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Hazra B., Biswas S. and Mandal N. (2008). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. BMC complement. Altern. Med. 8: 63.
Ivanišová E., Tokár M., Mocko K., Bojňanská T., Mareček J. and Mendelova A. (2013). Antioxidant activity of selected plant products. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. and Food Sc. 2: 1692-1703.
Iwu M.M., Duncan R.A. and Okunji C.O. (1999). New antimicrobials of plant origin. In: Perspective on new crops and new uses, Janick, J. (Ed.). ASHS Press, Alexanria, Virginia, pp: 457462.
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Agbangla C. (2011). Ethnic differences in use values and use patterns of Parkia biglobosa in Northern Benin. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 7: 42.
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Leong L.P. and Shui G. (2002). An investigation of antioxidant capacity of fruits in Singapore markets. Food Chem. 76: 69-75.
Millogo-kone H., Guissou I.P., Nacoulma O. and Traore A. (2008). Comparative study of leaf and stem bark extracts of Parkia biglobosa against Enterobacteria. Afr. J. Tradit.
Complement Altern. Med. 5: 238243.
Nino J., Navaez D.M., Mosquera O.M. and Correa Y.M. (2006). Antifungal and cytotoxic activities of eight Asteraceae and two Rubiaceae plants from Colombian biodiversity. Braz. J. Microbiol. 37: 566-570.
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Oyaizu M. (1986). Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn. J. Nutr. 44: 307315.
Sala A., Recio M., Giner R.M., Máñez S., Tournier H., Schinella G. and Ríos J.L. (2002). Antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of Helichrysum italicum. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 54: 365-371.
Sharma B. and Kumar P. (2008). Extraction and pharmacological evaluation of some extracts of Tridax procumbens and Capparis decidua. Intl. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Products. 1: 5-12.
Trease G.E. and Evans W.C. (1989). Pharmacognosy. 15th Ed. Brazillian Tridel can, Macmillan Publishers.
Udobi C.E. and Onaolapo J.A. (2010). Cell kill pattern and acute toxicity studies of the aqueous fraction of the methanolic extract of parts of Parkia biglobosa. Afr. J. Biotech. 8: 49934998.
Wokoma E.C. and Aziagba G.C. (2001). Sensory Evaluation of Dawa Dawa Produced By the Traditional Fermentation of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis Stenocarpa Harms) Seeds. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt. 5:
85-91.
Achi O.K. (2005). Traditional fermented protein condiments in Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 4: 1612-1621.
Adaramola T.F., Ariwaodo J.O., Adeniji
K.A. (2012). Distribution, Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Properties of the Genus Parkia R.br. (Mimosaceae) in Nigeria. Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochemical Res. 4: 172-178.
Agunu A., Onaolapo J.A. and Udobi C.E. (2008). Antibacterial activities and Bioactive components of the aqueous fraction of the stem bark of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.)(mimosaceae). Nig. J. Pharm. Sci. 7: 49-55.
Ajaiyeoba E.O. (2002). Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Parkia biglobosa and Parkia bicolor leaf extracts. Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 5: 125129.
Allen R.G. and Tresini M. (2000). Oxidative stress and gene regulation. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28: 463-499.
Asase A., Oteng-Yeboah A.A., Odamtten G.T. and Simmonds M.S.J. (2005). Ethnobotanical study of some Ghanaian anti-malarial plants. J. Ethnopharmacol. 99: 273-279.
Asuzu I.U and Harvey A.L. (2003). The antisnake venom activities of Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) stem bark extract. Toxicon. 42: 763-768.
Benzie I.F. and Strain J.J. (1996). The ferricreducing ability of plasma
(FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem. 239: 70-76.
Builders M.I., Tarfa F. and Aguiyi J.C. (2012). The Potency of African Locust Bean Tree as Antimalarial. J. Pharmacol.Toxicol. 7: 274-287.
Campbell-platt G. (1980). African Locust Bean (Parkia species) and its West African fermented food product, Dawadawa. Ecol. Food Nutr. 9: 123132.
Chukwu O., Orhevba B.A. and Mahmood B.I. (2010). Influence of Hydrothermal Treatment on proximate composition of fermented Locust Bean (Dawadawa). J. Food Technol. 8: 99-101.
Forbes B.A., Sahm D.F., Weissfeld A.S. and Trevino E.A. (1990). Methods for testing antimicrobial effectiveness. In: Bailey Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, Baron, E.J., L.R. Peterson and S.M. Finegold (Eds.). Mosby Co., St Louis, Missouri, MI., pp: 171-194.
Hazra B., Biswas S. and Mandal N. (2008). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. BMC complement. Altern. Med. 8: 63.
Ivanišová E., Tokár M., Mocko K., Bojňanská T., Mareček J. and Mendelova A. (2013). Antioxidant activity of selected plant products. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. and Food Sc. 2: 1692-1703.
Iwu M.M., Duncan R.A. and Okunji C.O. (1999). New antimicrobials of plant origin. In: Perspective on new crops and new uses, Janick, J. (Ed.). ASHS Press, Alexanria, Virginia, pp: 457462.
Koura K., Ganglo J.C., Assogbadjo A.E. and
Agbangla C. (2011). Ethnic differences in use values and use patterns of Parkia biglobosa in Northern Benin. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 7: 42.
Kumar S., Sharma U.K, Sharma A. K. and Pandey A.K. (2012). Protective efficacy of solanum xanthocarpum root extracts against free radical damage: phytochemical analysis and antioxidant effect. Cell. Mol. Biol. 58: 174-181.
Kusano C. and Ferrari B. (2008). Total Antioxidant Capacity: a biomarker in biomedical and nutritional studies. J. cell Mol. Biol. 7: 1-15.
Leong L.P. and Shui G. (2002). An investigation of antioxidant capacity of fruits in Singapore markets. Food Chem. 76: 69-75.
Millogo-kone H., Guissou I.P., Nacoulma O. and Traore A. (2008). Comparative study of leaf and stem bark extracts of Parkia biglobosa against Enterobacteria. Afr. J. Tradit.
Complement Altern. Med. 5: 238243.
Nino J., Navaez D.M., Mosquera O.M. and Correa Y.M. (2006). Antifungal and cytotoxic activities of eight Asteraceae and two Rubiaceae plants from Colombian biodiversity. Braz. J. Microbiol. 37: 566-570.
Omojola M.O., Afolayan M.O., Adebiyi A.B. Orijajogun J.O., Thomas S.A. and Ihegwuagu N.E. (2011). Further physicochemical characterization of Parkiabiglobosa (Jacq.) Benth fruit pulp as a mineral supplement. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10: 17258-17264.
Oyaizu M. (1986). Studies on product of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn. J. Nutr. 44: 307315.
Sala A., Recio M., Giner R.M., Máñez S., Tournier H., Schinella G. and Ríos J.L. (2002). Antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of Helichrysum italicum. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 54: 365-371.
Sharma B. and Kumar P. (2008). Extraction and pharmacological evaluation of some extracts of Tridax procumbens and Capparis decidua. Intl. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Products. 1: 5-12.
Trease G.E. and Evans W.C. (1989). Pharmacognosy. 15th Ed. Brazillian Tridel can, Macmillan Publishers.
Udobi C.E. and Onaolapo J.A. (2010). Cell kill pattern and acute toxicity studies of the aqueous fraction of the methanolic extract of parts of Parkia biglobosa. Afr. J. Biotech. 8: 49934998.
Wokoma E.C. and Aziagba G.C. (2001). Sensory Evaluation of Dawa Dawa Produced By the Traditional Fermentation of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis Stenocarpa Harms) Seeds. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt. 5:
85-91.