THE SUSCEPTIBILITY STATUS OF ANOPHELES GAMBIAE S.L POPULATIONS IN IFITE-AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE TO STANDARD INSECTICIDES

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Published: Jan 28, 2019
Keywords:
Susceptibility, Anopheles gambiae, Ifite-Awka, standard insecticide

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C. E. Akunne
B. U. Ononye
K. M Ugonkwo
C. A. Chidi
K. P. Okafor

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility level of An. gambiae s.l, a major malaria vector in Ifite Awka, South East Nigeria to four classes of standard insecticides. Anopheles larvae were collected from three communities (Enu-ifite, Ezinato-ifite and Agbana-ifite) and reared to adults. Two to three-day old, non-blood-fed female mosquitoes were exposed to discriminating dosages of 4.0% DDT, 0.05% Deltamethrin, 0.25% Pirimiphos-methyl and 0.1% Propoxur using WHO protocols and susceptibility test kits. Knockdown effect was recorded every 10 minutes for 1hour and mortality recorded after 24 hours of post exposure. The result from this study revealed that the major malaria vector in Ifite Awka, An. gambiae s.l, was resistant to DDT, Deltametrin and Pirimiphos-methyl with observed mortality rates of 4.82%, 30.0% and 15.31% respectively while the vector population were susceptible to Propoxur with observed  mortality rate  of 98.75%.  The KDT50 (in minutes) of Anopheles gambiae s.l exposed to Deltametrin, Pirimiphos-methyl, Propoxur and DDT were 5.794, 8.661, 1.903 and 19.969 respectively while their respective KDT95 (in minutes) recorded were 18.022, 14.426, 8.867 and 48.750. From these results obtained, Propoxur is most suitable as alternative to mitigate pyrethroid resistance in this area than DDT and Pirimiphos-methyl. A rationalised use of these insecticides coupled with regular monitoring of resistance status is essential to improve and evaluate the efficacy of the current vector control tools (ITN and IRS).

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Akunne, C. E., Ononye, B. U., Ugonkwo, K. M., Chidi, C. A., & Okafor, K. P. (2019). THE SUSCEPTIBILITY STATUS OF ANOPHELES GAMBIAE S.L POPULATIONS IN IFITE-AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE TO STANDARD INSECTICIDES . The Bioscientist Journal, 7(1), 15-27. Retrieved from https://bioscientistjournal.com/index.php/The_Bioscientist/article/view/85
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Vol 7 No 1 (2019): The Bioscientist Journal
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Articles
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References

This study was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility level of An. gambiae s.l, a major malaria vector in Ifite Awka, South East Nigeria to four classes of standard insecticides. Anopheles larvae were collected from three communities (Enu-ifite, Ezinato-ifite and Agbana-ifite) and reared to adults. Two to three-day old, non-blood-fed female mosquitoes were exposed to discriminating dosages of 4.0% DDT, 0.05% Deltamethrin, 0.25% Pirimiphos-methyl and 0.1% Propoxur using WHO protocols and susceptibility test kits. Knockdown effect was recorded every 10 minutes for 1hour and mortality recorded after 24 hours of post exposure. The result from this study revealed that the major malaria vector in Ifite Awka, An. gambiae s.l, was resistant to DDT, Deltametrin and Pirimiphos-methyl with observed mortality rates of 4.82%, 30.0% and 15.31% respectively while the vector population were susceptible to Propoxur with observed  mortality rate  of 98.75%.  The KDT50 (in minutes) of Anopheles gambiae s.l exposed to Deltametrin, Pirimiphos-methyl, Propoxur and DDT were 5.794, 8.661, 1.903 and 19.969 respectively while their respective KDT95 (in minutes) recorded were 18.022, 14.426, 8.867 and 48.750. From these results obtained, Propoxur is most suitable as alternative to mitigate pyrethroid resistance in this area than DDT and Pirimiphos-methyl. A rationalised use of these insecticides coupled with regular monitoring of resistance status is essential to improve and evaluate the efficacy of the current vector control tools (ITN and IRS).