Evaluation of biogas production from co-digestion of cassava peels and selected animal wastes from Awka North and South Local Government Areas, Anambra State, Nigeria.
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Abstract
Biogas is a renewable energy produced from anaerobic digestion of organic materials. The evaluation of biogas production from the co-digestion of cassava peels and selected animal wastes (cow dung, chicken droppings and goat droppings) from Awka North and South Local Government Areas, Anambra State, Nigeria was studied. Laboratory scale bio-digesters (one-litre conical flasks) were used for the anaerobic digestion of wastes at 27oC with a retention time of 30 days. Each digester was covered with a stopper to make it airtight. The ratio of cassava : animal wastes mix used for anaerobic digestion were: 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1. Each 200 g waste mixture was then combined with 600 mL of water to form a slurry. The biogas produced were trapped in inverted measuring glass cylinder and in polyvinylchloride ball. The volume of the gas trapped in glass cylinder was evaluated using displacement method, while components of the trapped gas in polyvinylchloride ball was analyzed using Gas Chromatographic method. The pH of the slurries was taken before and after each anaerobic digestion using pH meter. The slurry from the anaerobic digester was analyzed for methanogenic bacteria at the end of the digestion using 16S rRNA sequencing method. The cumulative biogas yield from the co-digestion of cassava peels and cow dung (CCD) with different combination ratios (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) revealed that ratio (3:1) had the largest (880 cm3) biogas volume, while ratio (1:1) had the least volume (87 cm3) of biogas. Co-digestion of cassava peels and goat droppings (CGD) produced the highest volume (1,277 cm3) of biogas with combination ratio (2:1) and the least volume (899 cm3) with combination ratio (3:1). The highest volume (1,447 cm3) of biogas production from the co-digestion of cassava peels and chicken droppings (CCH) was obtained from combination ratio (2:1) and the least volume (838 cm3) of biogas from the combination ratio (3:1). The pH of all the slurries decreased significantly after the anaerobic digestion of the wastes (p< 0.05). The co-digestion of cassava peels and animal wastes with combination ratio (1:1) showed that CCD had the highest methane (CH4) concentration (69.95%), while CGD (61.92%) had the least CH4 concentration (p> 0.05). Optimised combination ratio 2:1 had co-digestion of cassava peels and animal wastes (cow dung and chicken droppings) produce highest CH4 concentration (79.38%). Bacterial species belonging to five phyla; Proteobacteria, Spirochaetota, Bacillota, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes, were involved in the anaerobic digestion. Co-digestion of cassava peels with chicken droppings gave the highest biogas yield. Addition of cow dung to cassava peels-chicken droppings mixture improved the percentage methane concentration.
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