AMELIORATIVE POTENTIALS OF VITAMIN E ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND GROWTH RESPONSES OF HETEROCLARIAS EXPOSED TO CHLORPYRIFOS
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Abstract
The use of modern chemicals to control pesticides could have potential adverse effect on aquatic organisms and water quality. The effects of chlorpyrifos were investigated on biochemical, haematological and growth responses of Heteroclarias. Juveniles of Heteroclarias were assessed in aerated static renewal bioassays of chlorpyrifos using different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ppm) for 96 h and 0.24 ppm for 28 days which were fed on varying concentrations (50, 250, 500, 1000 mg) of vitamin E. The 96 hours LC50 value was 2.4 ppm. After the exposure periods, the fish were sacrificed to collect blood, gills and liver for haematological and biochemical analyses. The levels of RBC, Hb, PCV decreased (P < 0.05) compared to control, but increased (P < 0.05) in vitamin E-fed groups, while, WBC level increased (P < 0.05) in chlorpyrifos-exposed groups and decreased in vitamin E-fed groups (P < 0.05). Activities of enzymes ALT, AST, LDH, SOD and glucose level increased (P < 0.05) in the tissues of chlorpyrifos-exposed groups, but reduced in vitamin E- fed groups. However, the levels of AChE, MDA and total protein decreased in chlorpyrifos-exposed groups, but increased (P < 0.05) in vitamin E-fed groups. The specific growth rate of Heteroclarias increased in vitamin E-fed groups. This study indicates that vitamin E is capable of minimizing stress induced by chlorpyrifos in Heteroclarias.
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Abdulkareem, S. I., Okolo, J. N., Babawale, K. O., & Adekale, B. D. (2022). AMELIORATIVE POTENTIALS OF VITAMIN E ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND GROWTH RESPONSES OF HETEROCLARIAS EXPOSED TO CHLORPYRIFOS . The Bioscientist Journal, 9(2), 21-36. Retrieved from https://bioscientistjournal.com/index.php/The_Bioscientist/article/view/98
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References
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Abdulkareem, S.I.; Lawal, N.O. and Moyebi, O.D. (2014): Effect of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of glyphosate on some biochemical parameters and growth responses of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. B. Zoology. 6 (2): 47-54.
Abdulkareem S. I. and Utuedor I. (2016):
Growth performance and biochemical responses of
C.Gariepinusjuveniles to sub-lethal concentration of dichlorvos ameliorated with moringa oleifera leaf. Journal of Aquatic Sciences 31 (2A).
Adams, S.M., Shugart, L.R., Southworth, G.R., Hinton, D.E., (1990): Application of bioindicators in assessing the health of fish populations experiencing contaminant stress. In: MC (Arthy, J.F., Shugart, L.R (Eds.) Biomarkers of Environment contamination Lewispublishers, Boca Raton, pp 333-353.
Adeyemo OK. (2007): Haematological profile of
Clariasgariepinus(Burchell, 1822) exposed to lead. Turkish Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science, 7:163-
9.
Ahmad Z. (2012). Toxicity bioassay and effects of sublethal exposure of malathion on biochemical composition and haematological parameters of Clariasgariepinus. African Journal of Biotechnology. 11: 8578–8585.
AniIladeviKunjamma K. P (2008):
Biochemical effects of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos on the Fish Oreochromis Mossambicus. Dept. of Marine Biochemistry, Microbiology & Biochemistry Cochin University of Science & Technology Lakeside Campus, Cochin- 682 016. No.2765.
Anoop KR, Sundar KSG, Khan BA and Lal S (2009): Common Moorhen
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APHA (American Public Health Association) (1995): Standard method for the examination of wáter and waste wáter, 20th edition. 1976pp.
Asian R, Sekeroglu M R, Gultekin F, Bayiroglu F (1997): Blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in healthy individuals: relation to age, sex, habits, life style and environment. J. Environ. Sci. Health. 32(8), 2102-2109.
Banaee M., Sureda A., Mirvaghefi A.R., Ahmadi K. (2011): Effects of diazinon on biochemical parameters of blood in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 99(1): 1–6.
Blaxhall, P.C. and Diasley (1973): Routinehaematologicalmethodsfor use withfishblood. Journalof Fish Biology. 5:771-781.
Buege, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1978):
Microsomal lipid peroxidation methods. Enzymology52: 302 - 310.
Dacie, J.V and Lewis, S.M. (2001):Practical Haematology(9th edition). Churchill Livingstone, London.
David, M.Sangeetha, J. Shrinivas, E.R. Harish and Naik, V.R. (2015): Effects of deltamethrin on haematological indices of indian major carp, Cirrhinusmrigala (hamilton). International Journalof
Pure and Applied Zoology: 2320-
9577 Volume 3, Pp: 37-43
Dede, E.B. and Igbigbi PS (1997): Determination of LD50 of metakelfn in Rats. Journal of Science
(Metascience 111 no.1 (1-7).
DeutcheGessellschaftKlinischechemie
(DGKC, 1970): Chem. Clin.
Biochem. (1970), 8:658.
Drabkin DL (1946): Spectrophotometric studies. XIV the crystallographic and optical properties of the hemoglobin of man in comparison with these of other species. J. Biol. Chem. 164: 703-723.
Duncan, J. (1995): Multiple ranges and multiple f test biometrics 11: Pp. 142.
Ensminger, M, Bergin R, Spurlock F, Goh KS (2011): Pesticide concentrations in water and sediment and associated invertebrate toxicity in Del Puerto and Orestimba Creeks, California Environ. Monit. Assess. 175:573-587.
Ganeshwade R. M (2011): Biochemical changes induced by dimethote in the liver of fresh water fish Punctiusticto (Ham). Biological forum an Int. J. 3(2): 65-68.
Ishita Samajdar and Dipak Kumar Mandal (2015): Acute toxicity and impact of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos on some haematological parameters of an Indian minor carp, Labeobata
(Hamilton 1822). International Journal of Environmental sciences. 6(1):106-113
Joseph, B. and Raj, S.J. (2011): Impact of pesticide toxicity on selected biomarkers in fishes. Int. J. Zool.
Res ., 7: 212-222.
Lavanya S, Ramesh M, Kavitha C, Malarvizhi A (2011):
Hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of Indian major carp Catlacatla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic. Chemosphere 82: 977–985.
Levin, E.D. Swain, H.A. Donerly, S. and Linney, E. (2004): Developmental chlorpyrifos effects on hatchling zebrafish swimming behaviour. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 26: 719–723.
Lowry, O. H., Resenbrough,J. J., Farr, J. J.,
Randall, R. J. (1951):
Proteinmeasurementwithfolinphenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem.193: 265275.
Meyer, A., Biermann C. H. and Orti G. (1993): The phylogenetic position of the zebra fish (Daniorerio), a model system in development biology: An invitation to the comparative method. Proc. R. Soc. London, 252:231-236.
Mukai K., Tokunaga, A., Itoh, S., Kanesaki, Y., Ohara, K., Nagaoka, S., Abe, K. (2007):Structure-activity relationship of thefree-radicalscavenging reaction by vitamin E (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, deltatocopherols) and ubiquinol-10: pHdependence of the reaction rates. J. Phys. Chem. B Condens.Matter Mater Surf Interfaces Biophys. 111: Pp. 652–662.
Nwani, C. D. Ugwu, D. O. Okeke, O. C. Onyishi, G. C. Ekeh, F. N. Atama, C. and Eneje, L. O., (2013): Toxicity of the Chlrpyrifos-based pesticide Termifos: effects on behaviour and biochemical and haematological parameters of African catfish Clariasgariepinus,
African Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 38 (3):255-262.
Pack, S. (1991): Statistical issues concerning the design of tests for determining the effect of chemicals on the growth rate of fish. Room documents for OECD Ad hoc meeting of experts on Aquatic Toxicology. WEC medhenham, UK Pp 670.
Pathiratne A. andAthauda, P.(1999): Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and dimethoate to fingerlings of Nile tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus and cholinesterase. Srilanka journals of Aquatic sciences. 3: 77-84.
, S.F and Laurent, P. (1993): Environmental effects on fish gill structure and function. In J.C. Rankin, and F.B. Jensen (Eds.), Fish Ecophysiology (pp. 231-264). London: Chapman and Hall.
Sayeed, I. Parvez, S. Pandey, S. BinHafeez, B. Haque, R. and Raisuddin, S. (2003): Oxidative stress biomarkers of exposure to deltamethrin in freshwater fish Channapunctatus Bloch.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 56: Pp. 295–301.
Tilak KS, Veeraiah K, Rao DK, (2005): Biochemical changes induced by
Chlorpyrifos, an O
Organophosphate compound in Sublethal Concentrations to the freshwater fish Catlacatla, Labeorohita and Cirrhinusmrigala. J Environ Biol 26(2): 341-348.
Traber, M.G., and Atkinson, J.A. (2007): Vitamin E. Antioxidant Free radical biology & medicine. 43 (1): Pp. 4– 15.
Trinder, P. (1969): Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor.
Annal. Clinical Biochemistry 6: 2427.
United State Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA 1985):
Disciplinary review ecological effects profile. Available from US Environ. Protection Agency.
USEPA (1996): Ecological effects test guidelines OPPTS 850.4200 toxicity test. United States Environmental Protection AgencyEPA 712-C-96154.
Varo’ I, Navarro JC, Amat F, Guilhermino L.(2002). Characterisation of cholinesterases and evaluation of the inhibitory potential of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to Artemia salina and Artemia parthenogenetica.Chemosphere. 48: 563-69.
WHO (World Health Organisation) (2004): Guidelines for drinking water quality WHO/SDE/03.04/81. Geneva: WHO.
WHO (World Health Organization) (2012): Chlorpyrifos in drinking- water.
Background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/87. Geneva: WHO.
Woolliams J.A., Wiener, G.; Anderson, P.H.;and Mc Murray C.H. (1983): Variation in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and in the concentration of copper in the blood in various breed crosses of sheep. Research. Vetinary. Science, 34: 253– 256.
Wright, K., Collins, D.C., and Musey, P. J. (1970): The use of biochemical assays in epidermiology study. Journal of environmental health prospect. 43(2): Pp. 209-221.
Yildirim, M.Z., Benli, K.C., Selvi, M., Ozkul, A., Erko, F and Kocak, O. (2006). Acute toxicity behavioural changes and histopathological effects of deltamethrin on tissues (gills, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, skin) of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Environmental Toxicology 21:614620.
Yonar ME, Yonar SM, Ural MS¸, Silici S, D€ us¸€ukcan M (2012): Pro- tective role of propolis in chlorpyrifosinduced changes in the haematological parameters and the oxidative/antioxidative status of Cyprinus carpio. Food Chem Toxicol 50:2703–2727
Abdulkareem, S.I.; Lawal, N.O. and Moyebi, O.D. (2014): Effect of lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of glyphosate on some biochemical parameters and growth responses of African catfish (Clariasgariepinus). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. B. Zoology. 6 (2): 47-54.
Abdulkareem S. I. and Utuedor I. (2016):
Growth performance and biochemical responses of
C.Gariepinusjuveniles to sub-lethal concentration of dichlorvos ameliorated with moringa oleifera leaf. Journal of Aquatic Sciences 31 (2A).
Adams, S.M., Shugart, L.R., Southworth, G.R., Hinton, D.E., (1990): Application of bioindicators in assessing the health of fish populations experiencing contaminant stress. In: MC (Arthy, J.F., Shugart, L.R (Eds.) Biomarkers of Environment contamination Lewispublishers, Boca Raton, pp 333-353.
Adeyemo OK. (2007): Haematological profile of
Clariasgariepinus(Burchell, 1822) exposed to lead. Turkish Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science, 7:163-
9.
Ahmad Z. (2012). Toxicity bioassay and effects of sublethal exposure of malathion on biochemical composition and haematological parameters of Clariasgariepinus. African Journal of Biotechnology. 11: 8578–8585.
AniIladeviKunjamma K. P (2008):
Biochemical effects of the pesticide Chlorpyrifos on the Fish Oreochromis Mossambicus. Dept. of Marine Biochemistry, Microbiology & Biochemistry Cochin University of Science & Technology Lakeside Campus, Cochin- 682 016. No.2765.
Anoop KR, Sundar KSG, Khan BA and Lal S (2009): Common Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus in the diet of the African Catfish clariasgariepinus in Keoladeo Ghana National Park, India Birds. 5(2):22-23.
APHA (American Public Health Association) (1995): Standard method for the examination of wáter and waste wáter, 20th edition. 1976pp.
Asian R, Sekeroglu M R, Gultekin F, Bayiroglu F (1997): Blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in healthy individuals: relation to age, sex, habits, life style and environment. J. Environ. Sci. Health. 32(8), 2102-2109.
Banaee M., Sureda A., Mirvaghefi A.R., Ahmadi K. (2011): Effects of diazinon on biochemical parameters of blood in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 99(1): 1–6.
Blaxhall, P.C. and Diasley (1973): Routinehaematologicalmethodsfor use withfishblood. Journalof Fish Biology. 5:771-781.
Buege, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1978):
Microsomal lipid peroxidation methods. Enzymology52: 302 - 310.
Dacie, J.V and Lewis, S.M. (2001):Practical Haematology(9th edition). Churchill Livingstone, London.
David, M.Sangeetha, J. Shrinivas, E.R. Harish and Naik, V.R. (2015): Effects of deltamethrin on haematological indices of indian major carp, Cirrhinusmrigala (hamilton). International Journalof
Pure and Applied Zoology: 2320-
9577 Volume 3, Pp: 37-43
Dede, E.B. and Igbigbi PS (1997): Determination of LD50 of metakelfn in Rats. Journal of Science
(Metascience 111 no.1 (1-7).
DeutcheGessellschaftKlinischechemie
(DGKC, 1970): Chem. Clin.
Biochem. (1970), 8:658.
Drabkin DL (1946): Spectrophotometric studies. XIV the crystallographic and optical properties of the hemoglobin of man in comparison with these of other species. J. Biol. Chem. 164: 703-723.
Duncan, J. (1995): Multiple ranges and multiple f test biometrics 11: Pp. 142.
Ensminger, M, Bergin R, Spurlock F, Goh KS (2011): Pesticide concentrations in water and sediment and associated invertebrate toxicity in Del Puerto and Orestimba Creeks, California Environ. Monit. Assess. 175:573-587.
Ganeshwade R. M (2011): Biochemical changes induced by dimethote in the liver of fresh water fish Punctiusticto (Ham). Biological forum an Int. J. 3(2): 65-68.
Ishita Samajdar and Dipak Kumar Mandal (2015): Acute toxicity and impact of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos on some haematological parameters of an Indian minor carp, Labeobata
(Hamilton 1822). International Journal of Environmental sciences. 6(1):106-113
Joseph, B. and Raj, S.J. (2011): Impact of pesticide toxicity on selected biomarkers in fishes. Int. J. Zool.
Res ., 7: 212-222.
Lavanya S, Ramesh M, Kavitha C, Malarvizhi A (2011):
Hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of Indian major carp Catlacatla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic. Chemosphere 82: 977–985.
Levin, E.D. Swain, H.A. Donerly, S. and Linney, E. (2004): Developmental chlorpyrifos effects on hatchling zebrafish swimming behaviour. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 26: 719–723.
Lowry, O. H., Resenbrough,J. J., Farr, J. J.,
Randall, R. J. (1951):
Proteinmeasurementwithfolinphenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem.193: 265275.
Meyer, A., Biermann C. H. and Orti G. (1993): The phylogenetic position of the zebra fish (Daniorerio), a model system in development biology: An invitation to the comparative method. Proc. R. Soc. London, 252:231-236.
Mukai K., Tokunaga, A., Itoh, S., Kanesaki, Y., Ohara, K., Nagaoka, S., Abe, K. (2007):Structure-activity relationship of thefree-radicalscavenging reaction by vitamin E (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, deltatocopherols) and ubiquinol-10: pHdependence of the reaction rates. J. Phys. Chem. B Condens.Matter Mater Surf Interfaces Biophys. 111: Pp. 652–662.
Nwani, C. D. Ugwu, D. O. Okeke, O. C. Onyishi, G. C. Ekeh, F. N. Atama, C. and Eneje, L. O., (2013): Toxicity of the Chlrpyrifos-based pesticide Termifos: effects on behaviour and biochemical and haematological parameters of African catfish Clariasgariepinus,
African Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 38 (3):255-262.
Pack, S. (1991): Statistical issues concerning the design of tests for determining the effect of chemicals on the growth rate of fish. Room documents for OECD Ad hoc meeting of experts on Aquatic Toxicology. WEC medhenham, UK Pp 670.
Pathiratne A. andAthauda, P.(1999): Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos and dimethoate to fingerlings of Nile tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus and cholinesterase. Srilanka journals of Aquatic sciences. 3: 77-84.
, S.F and Laurent, P. (1993): Environmental effects on fish gill structure and function. In J.C. Rankin, and F.B. Jensen (Eds.), Fish Ecophysiology (pp. 231-264). London: Chapman and Hall.
Sayeed, I. Parvez, S. Pandey, S. BinHafeez, B. Haque, R. and Raisuddin, S. (2003): Oxidative stress biomarkers of exposure to deltamethrin in freshwater fish Channapunctatus Bloch.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 56: Pp. 295–301.
Tilak KS, Veeraiah K, Rao DK, (2005): Biochemical changes induced by
Chlorpyrifos, an O
Organophosphate compound in Sublethal Concentrations to the freshwater fish Catlacatla, Labeorohita and Cirrhinusmrigala. J Environ Biol 26(2): 341-348.
Traber, M.G., and Atkinson, J.A. (2007): Vitamin E. Antioxidant Free radical biology & medicine. 43 (1): Pp. 4– 15.
Trinder, P. (1969): Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor.
Annal. Clinical Biochemistry 6: 2427.
United State Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA 1985):
Disciplinary review ecological effects profile. Available from US Environ. Protection Agency.
USEPA (1996): Ecological effects test guidelines OPPTS 850.4200 toxicity test. United States Environmental Protection AgencyEPA 712-C-96154.
Varo’ I, Navarro JC, Amat F, Guilhermino L.(2002). Characterisation of cholinesterases and evaluation of the inhibitory potential of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to Artemia salina and Artemia parthenogenetica.Chemosphere. 48: 563-69.
WHO (World Health Organisation) (2004): Guidelines for drinking water quality WHO/SDE/03.04/81. Geneva: WHO.
WHO (World Health Organization) (2012): Chlorpyrifos in drinking- water.
Background document for development of WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/87. Geneva: WHO.
Woolliams J.A., Wiener, G.; Anderson, P.H.;and Mc Murray C.H. (1983): Variation in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and in the concentration of copper in the blood in various breed crosses of sheep. Research. Vetinary. Science, 34: 253– 256.
Wright, K., Collins, D.C., and Musey, P. J. (1970): The use of biochemical assays in epidermiology study. Journal of environmental health prospect. 43(2): Pp. 209-221.
Yildirim, M.Z., Benli, K.C., Selvi, M., Ozkul, A., Erko, F and Kocak, O. (2006). Acute toxicity behavioural changes and histopathological effects of deltamethrin on tissues (gills, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, skin) of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Environmental Toxicology 21:614620.
Yonar ME, Yonar SM, Ural MS¸, Silici S, D€ us¸€ukcan M (2012): Pro- tective role of propolis in chlorpyrifosinduced changes in the haematological parameters and the oxidative/antioxidative status of Cyprinus carpio. Food Chem Toxicol 50:2703–2727